Carbohydrate metabolism
Dashty M. A quick look at biochemistry: carbohydrate metabolism. Clin Biochem. 2013 Oct;46(15):1339–52. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.04.027. PMID: 23680095.
Metabolites
beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)
Formula: C6H10O12P2 (335.96475200000003)
CAS ID: 488-69-7
Enzyme
| EC Number | name | full name | note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.-.-.- | |||
| 1.1.1.10 | L-xylulose reductase | xylitol:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase (L-xylulose-forming) | |
| 1.1.1.14 | L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase | L-iditol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase | |
| 1.1.1.19 | glucuronate reductase | L-gulonate:NADP+ 6-oxidoreductase | |
| 1.1.1.2 | alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) | alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase | |
| 1.1.1.20 | glucuronolactone reductase | L-gulono-1,4-lactone:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase | |
| 1.1.1.21 | aldose reductase | alditol:NAD(P)+ 1-oxidoreductase | |
| 1.1.1.263 | 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase | 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol:NADP+ oxidoreductase | |
| 1.1.1.300 | NADP-retinol dehydrogenase | retinol:NADP+ oxidoreductase | |
| 1.1.1.372 | D/L-glyceraldehyde reductase | glycerol:NADP+ oxidoreductase (D/L-glyceraldehyde-forming) | |
| 1.1.1.4 | (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase | (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol:NAD+ oxidoreductase | |
| 1.1.1.44 | phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (NADP+-dependent, decarboxylating) | 6-phospho-D-gluconate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) | |
| 1.1.1.45 | L-gulonate 3-dehydrogenase | L-gulonate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase | |
| 1.1.1.49 | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) | D-glucose-6-phosphate:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase | |
| 1.1.1.54 | allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase | allyl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase | |
| 1.1.1.56 | ribitol 2-dehydrogenase | ribitol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase | |
| 1.1.1.9 | D-xylulose reductase | xylitol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase (D-xylulose-forming) | |
| 1.2.1.12 | glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating) | D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating) | |
| 1.2.1.19 | aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase | 4-aminobutanal:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase | |
| 1.2.1.28 | benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) | benzaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase | |
| 1.2.1.3 | aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) | aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase | |
| 1.2.1.36 | retinal dehydrogenase | retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase | |
| 2.2.1.1 | transketolase | sedoheptulose-7-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glycolaldehydetransferase | |
| 2.2.1.2 | transaldolase | sedoheptulose-7-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glyceronetransferase | |
| 2.3.2.27 | RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase | [E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-S-ubiquitinyl-L-cysteine:[acceptor protein] ubiquitin transferase (isopeptide bond-forming; RING-type) | |
| 2.4.1.1 | glycogen phosphorylase | (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase | |
| 2.4.1.11 | glycogen(starch) synthase | UDP-glucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase | |
| 2.4.1.133 | xylosylprotein 4-beta-galactosyltransferase | UDP-galactose:O-beta-D-xylosylprotein 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase | |
| 2.4.1.134 | galactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-galactosyltransferase | UDP-galactose:4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein 3-beta-D-galactosyltransferase | |
| 2.4.1.135 | galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase | UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate:[protein]-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl)-L-serine D-glucuronosyltransferase (configuration-inverting) | |
| 2.4.1.152 | 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase | GDP-beta-L-fucose:beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase (configuration-inverting) | |
| 2.4.1.18 | 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme | (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan:(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan 6-alpha-D-[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucano]-transferase | |
| 2.4.1.186 | glycogenin glucosyltransferase | UDP-alpha-D-glucose:glycogenin alpha-D-glucosyltransferase | |
| 2.4.1.22 | lactose synthase | UDP-galactose:D-glucose 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase | |
| 2.4.1.223 | glucuronosyl-galactosyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase | UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine:[protein]-3-O-(beta-D-GlcA-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Xyl)-L-serine 4IV-alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase (configuration-retaining) | |
| 2.4.1.224 | glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase | UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase | |
| 2.4.1.225 | N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase | UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate:N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase | |
| 2.4.1.25 | 4-alpha-glucanotransferase | (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan:(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glycosyltransferase | |
| 2.4.1.274 | glucosylceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase | UDP-galactose:beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase | |
| 2.4.1.275 | neolactotriaosylceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase | UDP-alpha-D-galactose:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1beta4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase | |
| 2.4.1.344 | type 2 galactoside alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase | GDP-beta-L-fucose:beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R alpha-(1,2)-L-fucosyltransferase (configuration-inverting) | |
| 2.4.1.37 | fucosylgalactoside 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase | UDP-galactose:alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)-D-galactoside 3-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase | |
| 2.4.1.38 | beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase | UDP-galactose:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide 4-beta-galactosyltransferase | |
| 2.4.1.40 | glycoprotein-fucosylgalactoside alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase | UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:glycoprotein-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)-D-galactose 3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase | |
| 2.4.1.65 | 3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase | GDP-beta-L-fucose:beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R 4I-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase | |
| 2.4.1.69 | type 1 galactoside alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase | GDP-beta-L-fucose:beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R alpha-(1,2)-L-fucosyltransferase (configuration-inverting) | |
| 2.4.1.90 | N-acetyllactosamine synthase | UDP-galactose:N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase | |
| 2.4.3.6 | N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase | CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate:beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R (2->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyltransferase (configuration-inverting) | |
| 2.7.1.1 | hexokinase | ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.1.105 | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase | ATP:beta-D-fructose-6-phosphate 2-phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.1.106 | glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase | 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate 6-phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.1.11 | 6-phosphofructokinase | ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.1.14 | sedoheptulokinase | ATP:sedoheptulose 7-phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.1.147 | ADP-specific glucose/glucosamine kinase | ADP:D-glucose/D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.1.15 | ribokinase | ATP:D-ribose 5-phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.1.17 | xylulokinase | ATP:D-xylulose 5-phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.1.28 | triokinase | ATP:D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.1.29 | glycerone kinase | ATP:glycerone phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.1.3 | ketohexokinase | ATP:D-fructose 1-phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.1.31 | glycerate 3-kinase | ATP:D-glycerate 3-phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.1.6 | galactokinase | ATP:D-galactose 1-phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.11.1 | non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase | ATP:protein phosphotransferase (non-specific) | |
| 2.7.11.19 | phosphorylase kinase | ATP:phosphorylase-b phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.11.26 | tau-protein kinase | ATP:[tau-protein] O-phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.2.3 | phosphoglycerate kinase | ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.6.1 | ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase | ATP:D-ribose-5-phosphate diphosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.7.12 | UDP-glucose-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase | UDP-glucose:alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase | |
| 2.7.7.9 | UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase | UTP:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase | |
| 2.8.2.21 | keratan sulfotransferase | 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:keratan 6'-sulfotransferase | |
| 2.8.2.23 | [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 1 | 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase | |
| 2.8.2.33 | N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase | 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:[dermatan]-4-O-sulfo-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase | |
| 2.8.2.35 | dermatan 4-sulfotransferase | 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate:[dermatan]-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfotransferase | |
| 3.1.1.31 | 6-phosphogluconolactonase | 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone lactonohydrolase | |
| 3.1.3.11 | fructose-bisphosphatase | D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase | |
| 3.1.3.16 | protein-serine/threonine phosphatase | protein-serine/threonine-phosphate phosphohydrolase | |
| 3.1.3.46 | fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphatase | beta-D-fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphohydrolase | |
| 3.1.3.48 | protein-tyrosine-phosphatase | protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase | |
| 3.1.3.9 | glucose-6-phosphatase | D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase | |
| 3.1.6.12 | N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase | N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-4-sulfate 4-sulfohydrolase | |
| 3.1.6.13 | iduronate-2-sulfatase | L-iduronate-2-sulfate 2-sulfohydrolase | |
| 3.1.6.14 | N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase | N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate 6-sulfohydrolase | |
| 3.1.6.4 | N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase | N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-6-sulfate 6-sulfohydrolase | |
| 3.10.1.1 | N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase | N-sulfo-D-glucosamine sulfohydrolase | |
| 3.2.1.166 | heparanase | heparan sulfate N-sulfo-D-glucosamine endoglucanase | |
| 3.2.1.24 | alpha-mannosidase | alpha-D-mannoside mannohydrolase | |
| 3.2.1.25 | beta-mannosidase | beta-D-mannoside mannohydrolase | |
| 3.2.1.31 | beta-glucuronidase | beta-D-glucuronoside glucuronosohydrolase | |
| 3.2.1.33 | amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase | glycogen phosphorylase-limit dextrin 6-alpha-glucohydrolase | |
| 3.2.1.35 | hyaluronoglucosaminidase | hyaluronate 4-glycanohydrolase | |
| 3.2.1.50 | alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase | alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide N-acetylglucosaminohydrolase | |
| 3.2.1.76 | L-iduronidase | glycosaminoglycan alpha-L-iduronohydrolase | |
| 3.4.22.15 | cathepsin L | ||
| 3.5.99.6 | glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase | 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate aminohydrolase (ketol isomerizing) | |
| 4.1.1.32 | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) | GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP; phosphoenolpyruvate-forming) | |
| 4.1.1.35 | UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase | UDP-D-glucuronate carboxy-lyase (UDP-D-xylose-forming) | |
| 4.1.2.13 | fructose-bisphosphate aldolase | D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase (glycerone-phosphate-forming) | |
| 4.1.2.4 | deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase | 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phosphate acetaldehyde-lyase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-forming) | |
| 4.2.1.11 | phosphopyruvate hydratase | 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming) | |
| 4.2.3.3 | methylglyoxal synthase | glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming) | |
| 4.6.1.15 | FAD-AMP lyase (cyclizing) | FAD AMP-lyase (riboflavin-cyclic-4',5'-phosphate-forming) | |
| 5.1.3.17 | heparosan-N-sulfate-glucuronate 5-epimerase | poly[(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->4)-N-sulfo-alpha-D-glucosaminyl] glucurono-5-epimerase | |
| 5.1.3.2 | UDP-glucose 4-epimerase | UDP-glucose 4-epimerase | |
| 5.1.3.3 | Aldose 1-epimerase | Aldose 1-epimerase | |
| 5.1.3.7 | UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase | UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 4-epimerase | |
| 5.3.1.1 | triose-phosphate isomerase | D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase | |
| 5.3.1.6 | ribose-5-phosphate isomerase | D-ribose-5-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase | |
| 5.3.1.9 | glucose-6-phosphate isomerase | alpha-D-glucose-6-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase (configuration-inverting) | |
| 5.4.2.11 | phosphoglycerate mutase (2,3-diphosphoglycerate-dependent) | D-phosphoglycerate 2,3-phosphomutase (2,3-diphosphoglycerate-dependent) | |
| 5.4.2.2 | phosphoglucomutase (alpha-D-glucose-1,6-bisphosphate-dependent) | alpha-D-glucose 1,6-phosphomutase | |
| 5.4.2.4 | Bisphosphoglycerate mutase | 3-Phospho-D-glycerate 1,2-phosphomutase | |
| 5.4.2.7 | phosphopentomutase | alpha-D-ribose 1,5-phosphomutase | |
| 6.4.1.1 | pyruvate carboxylase | pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming) | |
| 7.6.2.2 | ABC-type xenobiotic transporter | ATP phosphohydrolase (ABC-type, xenobiotic-exporting) |
Proteins
| Protein ID | name | full name |
|---|