Pathways Knowlegdes
Necessitatibus eius consequatur ex aliquid fuga eum quidem sint consectetur velit
| Pathway | DOIs | Note |
|---|---|---|
| zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin and violaxanthin interconversion Accession ID: BioCyc:SCO_PWY-5945 |
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| zeaxanthin biosynthesis Accession ID: BioCyc:SYNEL_PWY-5944 |
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| crocetin biosynthesis Accession ID: BioCyc:THAPS_PWY-5397 |
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| antheraxanthin and violaxanthin biosynthesis Accession ID: BioCyc:THAPS_PWY-5945 |
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| crocetin biosynthesis Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-5397 |
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Bouvier F, Suire C, Mutterer J, Camara B. Oxidative remodeling of chromoplast carotenoids: identification of the carotenoid dioxygenase CsCCD and CsZCD genes involved in Crocus secondary metabolite biogenesis. Plant Cell. 2003 Jan;15(1):47–62. PMID: 12509521; PMCID: PMC143450. |
| echinenone and zeaxanthin biosynthesis (Synechocystis) Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-7638 |
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Breitenbach J, Gerjets T, Sandmann G. Catalytic properties and reaction mechanism of the CrtO carotenoid ketolase from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2013 Jan;529(2):86–91. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.11.003.; Misawa N. Carotenoid ß-ring hydroxylase and ketolase from marine bacteria-promiscuous enzymes for synthesizing functional xanthophylls. Mar Drugs. 2011;9(5):757–71. PMID: 21673887; PMCID: PMC3111180.; Mochimaru M, Masukawa H, Maoka T, Mohamed HE, Vermaas WFJ, Takaichi S. Substrate Specificities and Availability of Fucosyltransferase and ß-Carotene Hydroxylase for Myxol 2'-Fucoside Synthesis in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 Compared with Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803. J Bacteriol. 2008 Oct 15;190(20):6726–33. doi: 10.1128/jb.01881-07.; Makino T, Harada H, Ikenaga H, Matsuda S, Takaichi S, Shindo K, Sandmann G, Ogata T, Misawa N. Characterization of cyanobacterial carotenoid ketolase CrtW and hydroxylase CrtR by complementation analysis in Escherichia coli. Plant Cell Physiol. 2008 Dec;49(12):1867–78. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcn169. PMID: 18987067.; Takaichi S, Mochimaru M. Carotenoids and carotenogenesis in cyanobacteria: unique ketocarotenoids and carotenoid glycosides. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 2007 Jul 23;64(19-20):2607. doi: 10.1007/s00018-007-7190-z.; Choi SK, Harada H, Matsuda S, Misawa N. Characterization of two beta-carotene ketolases, CrtO and CrtW, by complementation analysis in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007 Jul;75(6):1335–41. doi: 10.1007/s00253-007-0967-z. PMID: 17415558.; Choi SK, Matsuda S, Hoshino T, Peng X, Misawa N. Characterization of bacterial beta-carotene 3,3'-hydroxylases, CrtZ, and P450 in astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway and adonirubin production by gene combination in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2006 Oct;72(6):1238–46. doi: 10.1007/s00253-006-0426-2. PMID: 16614859.; Zhu C, Yamamura S, Nishihara M, Koiwa H, Sandmann G. cDNAs for the synthesis of cyclic carotenoids in petals of Gentiana lutea and their regulation during flower development. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 2003 Feb;1625(3):305–8. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4781(03)00017-4.; Takaichi S, Maoka T, Masamoto K. Myxoxanthophyll in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is myxol 2'-dimethyl-fucoside, (3R,2'S)-myxol 2'-(2,4-di-O-methyl-alpha-L-fucoside), not rhamnoside. Plant Cell Physiol. 2001 Jul;42(7):756–62. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pce098. PMID: 11479383.; Lagarde D, Beuf L, Vermaas W. Increased Production of Zeaxanthin and Other Pigments by Application of Genetic Engineering Techniques to Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jan;66(1):64–72. doi: 10.1128/aem.66.1.64-72.2000.; Linden H. Carotenoid hydroxylase from Haematococcus pluvialis: cDNA sequence, regulation and functional complementation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1999 Sep;1446(3):203–12. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00088-3.; Lagarde D, Vermaas W. The zeaxanthin biosynthesis enzyme beta-carotene hydroxylase is involved in myxoxanthophyll synthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. FEBS Lett. 1999 Jul 09;454(3):247–51. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00817-0. PMID: 10431816.; Masamoto K, Misawa N, Kaneko T, Kikuno R, Toh H. Beta-carotene hydroxylase gene from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Plant Cell Physiol. 1998 May;39(5):560–4. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029405. PMID: 9664719.; Bouvier F, Keller Y, d'Harlingue A, Camara B. Xanthophyll biosynthesis: molecular and functional characterization of carotenoid hydroxylases from pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism. 1998 Apr;1391(3):320–8. doi: 10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00029-0.; Fraser PD, Shimada H, Misawa N. Enzymic confirmation of reactions involved in routes to astaxanthin formation, elucidated using a direct substrate in vitro assay. European Journal of Biochemistry. 1998 Mar;252(2):229–36. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2520229.x.; Fernández-González B, Sandmann G, Vioque A. A new type of asymmetrically acting beta-carotene ketolase is required for the synthesis of echinenone in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J Biol Chem. 1997 Apr 11;272(15):9728–33. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.15.9728. PMID: 9092504.; Fraser PD, Miura Y, Misawa N. In Vitro Characterization of Astaxanthin Biosynthetic Enzymes. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1997 Mar;272(10):6128–35. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.10.6128.; Sun Z, Gantt E, Cunningham FX. Cloning and functional analysis of the beta-carotene hydroxylase of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 04;271(40):24349–52. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.40.24349. PMID: 8798688.; Kaneko T, Sato S, Kotani H, Tanaka A, Asamizu E, Nakamura Y, Miyajima N, Hirosawa M, Sugiura M, Sasamoto S, Kimura T, Hosouchi T, Matsuno A, Muraki A, Nakazaki N, Naruo K, Okumura S, Shimpo S, Takeuchi C, Wada T, Watanabe A, Yamada M, Yasuda M, Tabata S. Sequence analysis of the genome of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. II. Sequence determination of the entire genome and assignment of potential protein-coding regions. DNA Res. 1996 Jun 30;3(3):109–36. doi: 10.1093/dnares/3.3.109. PMID: 8905231. |
| zeaxanthin biosynthesis Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-5944 |
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Choi SK, Matsuda S, Hoshino T, Peng X, Misawa N. Characterization of bacterial beta-carotene 3,3'-hydroxylases, CrtZ, and P450 in astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway and adonirubin production by gene combination in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2006 Oct;72(6):1238–46. doi: 10.1007/s00253-006-0426-2. PMID: 16614859.; Zhu C, Yamamura S, Nishihara M, Koiwa H, Sandmann G. cDNAs for the synthesis of cyclic carotenoids in petals of Gentiana lutea and their regulation during flower development. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 2003 Feb;1625(3):305–8. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4781(03)00017-4.; Linden H. Carotenoid hydroxylase from Haematococcus pluvialis: cDNA sequence, regulation and functional complementation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1999 Sep;1446(3):203–12. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00088-3.; Bouvier F, Keller Y, d'Harlingue A, Camara B. Xanthophyll biosynthesis: molecular and functional characterization of carotenoid hydroxylases from pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism. 1998 Apr;1391(3):320–8. doi: 10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00029-0.; Fraser PD, Shimada H, Misawa N. Enzymic confirmation of reactions involved in routes to astaxanthin formation, elucidated using a direct substrate in vitro assay. European Journal of Biochemistry. 1998 Mar;252(2):229–36. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2520229.x.; Fraser PD, Miura Y, Misawa N. In Vitro Characterization of Astaxanthin Biosynthetic Enzymes. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1997 Mar;272(10):6128–35. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.10.6128.; Sun Z, Gantt E, Cunningham FX. Cloning and functional analysis of the beta-carotene hydroxylase of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 04;271(40):24349–52. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.40.24349. PMID: 8798688. |
| astaxanthin biosynthesis (bacteria, fungi, algae) Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-5288 |
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Makino T, Harada H, Ikenaga H, Matsuda S, Takaichi S, Shindo K, Sandmann G, Ogata T, Misawa N. Characterization of cyanobacterial carotenoid ketolase CrtW and hydroxylase CrtR by complementation analysis in Escherichia coli. Plant Cell Physiol. 2008 Dec;49(12):1867–78. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcn169. PMID: 18987067.; Choi SK, Matsuda S, Hoshino T, Peng X, Misawa N. Characterization of bacterial beta-carotene 3,3'-hydroxylases, CrtZ, and P450 in astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway and adonirubin production by gene combination in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2006 Oct;72(6):1238–46. doi: 10.1007/s00253-006-0426-2. PMID: 16614859.; Cunningham FX, Gantt E. A study in scarlet: enzymes of ketocarotenoid biosynthesis in the flowers of Adonis aestivalis. The Plant Journal. 2005 Jan 11;41(3):478–92. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02309.x.; Zhu C, Yamamura S, Nishihara M, Koiwa H, Sandmann G. cDNAs for the synthesis of cyclic carotenoids in petals of Gentiana lutea and their regulation during flower development. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 2003 Feb;1625(3):305–8. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4781(03)00017-4.; Linden H. Carotenoid hydroxylase from Haematococcus pluvialis: cDNA sequence, regulation and functional complementation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1999 Sep;1446(3):203–12. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00088-3.; Bouvier F, Keller Y, d'Harlingue A, Camara B. Xanthophyll biosynthesis: molecular and functional characterization of carotenoid hydroxylases from pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism. 1998 Apr;1391(3):320–8. doi: 10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00029-0.; Fraser PD, Shimada H, Misawa N. Enzymic confirmation of reactions involved in routes to astaxanthin formation, elucidated using a direct substrate in vitro assay. European Journal of Biochemistry. 1998 Mar;252(2):229–36. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2520229.x.; Fraser PD, Miura Y, Misawa N. In Vitro Characterization of Astaxanthin Biosynthetic Enzymes. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1997 Mar;272(10):6128–35. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.10.6128.; Sun Z, Gantt E, Cunningham FX. Cloning and functional analysis of the beta-carotene hydroxylase of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 04;271(40):24349–52. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.40.24349. PMID: 8798688.; SEYBOLD A, GOODWIN TW. Occurrence of astaxanthin in the flower petals of Adonis annua L. Nature. 1959 Nov 28;184 (Suppl 22)():1714–5. doi: 10.1038/1841714a0. PMID: 14445279. |
| superpathway of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants Accession ID: BioCyc:META_CAROTENOID-PWY |
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Maresca JA, Graham JE, Wu M, Eisen JA, Bryant DA. Identification of a fourth family of lycopene cyclases in photosynthetic bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 10;104(28):11784–9. PMID: 17606904; PMCID: PMC1905924.; Grotewold E. The genetics and biochemistry of floral pigments. Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2006;57():761–80. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105248. PMID: 16669781.; Choi SK, Matsuda S, Hoshino T, Peng X, Misawa N. Characterization of bacterial beta-carotene 3,3'-hydroxylases, CrtZ, and P450 in astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway and adonirubin production by gene combination in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2006 Oct;72(6):1238–46. doi: 10.1007/s00253-006-0426-2. PMID: 16614859.; Breitenbach J, Sandmann G. zeta-Carotene cis isomers as products and substrates in the plant poly-cis carotenoid biosynthetic pathway to lycopene. Planta. 2005 Mar;220(5):785–93. doi: 10.1007/s00425-004-1395-2. PMID: 15503129.; Stickforth P, Steiger S, Hess WR, Sandmann G. A novel type of lycopene epsilon-cyclase in the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus MED4. Arch Microbiol. 2003 Jun;179(6):409–15. doi: 10.1007/s00203-003-0545-4. PMID: 12712234.; Zhu C, Yamamura S, Nishihara M, Koiwa H, Sandmann G. cDNAs for the synthesis of cyclic carotenoids in petals of Gentiana lutea and their regulation during flower development. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 2003 Feb;1625(3):305–8. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4781(03)00017-4.; Hornero-Méndez D, Britton G. Involvement of NADPH in the cyclization reaction of carotenoid biosynthesis. FEBS Lett. 2002 Mar 27;515(1-3):133–6. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)02453-5. PMID: 11943208.; Hirschberg J. Carotenoid biosynthesis in flowering plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2001 Jun;4(3):210–8. doi: 10.1016/s1369-5266(00)00163-1. PMID: 11312131.; Cunningham FX, Gantt E. One ring or two? Determination of ring number in carotenoids by lycopene epsilon-cyclases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Feb 27;98(5):2905–10. PMID: 11226339; PMCID: PMC30238.; Josse EM, Simkin AJ, Gaffé J, Labouré AM, Kuntz M, Carol P. A plastid terminal oxidase associated with carotenoid desaturation during chromoplast differentiation. Plant Physiol. 2000 Aug;123(4):1427–36. PMID: 10938359; PMCID: PMC59099.; Breitenbach J, Kuntz M, Takaichi S, Sandmann G. Catalytic properties of an expressed and purified higher plant type?-carotene desaturase fromCapsicum annuum. European Journal of Biochemistry. 1999 Oct;265(1):376–83. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00746.x.; Linden H. Carotenoid hydroxylase from Haematococcus pluvialis: cDNA sequence, regulation and functional complementation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1999 Sep;1446(3):203–12. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00088-3.; Bouvier F, Keller Y, d'Harlingue A, Camara B. Xanthophyll biosynthesis: molecular and functional characterization of carotenoid hydroxylases from pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism. 1998 Apr;1391(3):320–8. doi: 10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00029-0.; Fraser PD, Shimada H, Misawa N. Enzymic confirmation of reactions involved in routes to astaxanthin formation, elucidated using a direct substrate in vitro assay. European Journal of Biochemistry. 1998 Mar;252(2):229–36. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2520229.x.; Schneider C, Böger P, Sandmann G. Phytoene Desaturase: Heterologous Expression in an Active State, Purification, and Biochemical Properties. Protein Expression and Purification. 1997 Jul;10(2):175–9. doi: 10.1006/prep.1997.0730.; Fraser PD, Miura Y, Misawa N. In Vitro Characterization of Astaxanthin Biosynthetic Enzymes. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1997 Mar;272(10):6128–35. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.10.6128.; Sun Z, Gantt E, Cunningham FX. Cloning and functional analysis of the beta-carotene hydroxylase of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 04;271(40):24349–52. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.40.24349. PMID: 8798688.; Albrecht M, Linden H, Sandmann G. Biochemical Characterization of Purified ?-Carotene Desaturase from Anabaena PCC 7120 after Expression in Escherichia coli. European Journal of Biochemistry. 1996 Feb;236(1):115–20. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00115.x.; Pecker I, Gabbay R, Cunningham FX, Hirschberg J. Cloning and characterization of the cDNA for lycopene beta-cyclase from tomato reveals decrease in its expression during fruit ripening. Plant Mol Biol. 1996 Feb;30(4):807–19. doi: 10.1007/bf00019013. PMID: 8624411.; Hugueney P, Badillo A, Chen H, Klein A, Hirschberg J, Camara B, Kuntz M. Metabolism of cyclic carotenoids: a model for the alteration of this biosynthetic pathway in Capsicum annuum chromoplasts. The Plant Journal. 1995 Sep;8(3):417–24. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1995.08030417.x.; Cunningham FX, Sun Z, Chamovitz D, Hirschberg J, Gantt E. Molecular structure and enzymatic function of lycopene cyclase from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp strain PCC7942. Plant Cell. 1994 Aug;6(8):1107–21. PMID: 7919981; PMCID: PMC160505.; Cunningham FX, Chamovitz D, Misawa N, Gantt E, Hirschberg J. Cloning and functional expression in Escherichia coli of a cyanobacterial gene for lycopene cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of beta-carotene. FEBS Lett. 1993 Aug 09;328(1-2):130–8. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)80980-9. PMID: 8344419.; Fraser PD, Linden H, Sandmann G. Purification and reactivation of recombinant Synechococcus phytoene desaturase from an overexpressing strain of Escherichia coli. Biochem J. 1993 May 01;291 ( Pt 3)():687–92. PMID: 8489496; PMCID: PMC1132422. |
| zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin and violaxanthin interconversion Accession ID: BioCyc:ARA_PWY-5945 |
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Xiong L, Lee H, Ishitani M, Zhu JK. Regulation of osmotic stress-responsive gene expression by the LOS6/ABA1 locus in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 08;277(10):8588–96. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m109275200. PMID: 11779861. |
| zeaxanthin biosynthesis Accession ID: BioCyc:SCO_PWY-5944 |
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| carotenoid cleavage Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-6806 |
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Ilg A, Beyer P, Al-Babili S. Characterization of the rice carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 reveals a novel route for geranial biosynthesis. FEBS J. 2009 Feb;276(3):736–47. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06820.x. PMID: 19120446.; Schwartz SH, Qin X, Loewen MC. The Biochemical Characterization of Two Carotenoid Cleavage Enzymes from Arabidopsis Indicates That a Carotenoid-derived Compound Inhibits Lateral Branching. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2004 Nov;279(45):46940–5. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m409004200.; Wyss A. Carotene Oxygenases: A New Family of Double Bond Cleavage Enzymes. The Journal of Nutrition. 2004 Jan;134(1):246S–250S. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.1.246s.; Bouvier F, Suire C, Mutterer J, Camara B. Oxidative remodeling of chromoplast carotenoids: identification of the carotenoid dioxygenase CsCCD and CsZCD genes involved in Crocus secondary metabolite biogenesis. Plant Cell. 2003 Jan;15(1):47–62. PMID: 12509521; PMCID: PMC143450.; Schwartz SH, Qin X, Zeevaart JD. Characterization of a Novel Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase from Plants. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2001 Jan;276(27):25208–11. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m102146200.; Kiefer C, Hessel S, Lampert JM, Vogt K, Lederer MO, Breithaupt DE, von Lintig J. Identification and Characterization of a Mammalian Enzyme Catalyzing the Asymmetric Oxidative Cleavage of Provitamin A. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2001 Apr;276(17):14110–6. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m011510200. |
| nostoxanthin biosynthesis Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-7175 |
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Zhu L, Wu X, Li O, Qian C, Gao H. Cloning and Characterization of Genes Involved in Nostoxanthin Biosynthesis of Sphingomonas elodea ATCC 31461. PLoS ONE. 2012 Apr 11;7(4):e35099. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035099.; Tao L, Rouvière PE, Cheng Q. A carotenoid synthesis gene cluster from a non-marine Brevundimonas that synthesizes hydroxylated astaxanthin. Gene. 2006 Sep 01;379():101–8. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.04.017. PMID: 16781830. |
| violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin interconversion Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-5945 |
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Xiong L, Lee H, Ishitani M, Zhu JK. Regulation of osmotic stress-responsive gene expression by the LOS6/ABA1 locus in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 08;277(10):8588–96. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m109275200. PMID: 11779861. |
| zeaxanthin biosynthesis Accession ID: BioCyc:ARA_PWY-5944 |
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Tian L, Magallanes-Lundback M, Musetti V, DellaPenna D. Functional analysis of beta- and epsilon-ring carotenoid hydroxylases in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2003 Jun;15(6):1320–32. PMID: 12782726; PMCID: PMC156369.; Tian L, DellaPenna D. Characterization of a second carotenoid beta-hydroxylase gene from Arabidopsis and its relationship to the LUT1 locus. Plant Mol Biol. 2001 Oct;47(3):379–88. doi: 10.1023/a:1011623907959. PMID: 11587509. |
| zeaxanthin biosynthesis Accession ID: BioCyc:AURANTIMONAS_PWY-5944 |
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| superpathway of carotenoid biosynthesis Accession ID: BioCyc:SCO_CAROTENOID-PWY |
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| zeaxanthin-β-D-diglucoside biosynthesis Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-6288 |
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Misawa N, Satomi Y, Kondo K, Yokoyama A, Kajiwara S, Saito T, Ohtani T, Miki W. Structure and functional analysis of a marine bacterial carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster and astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway proposed at the gene level. J Bacteriol. 1995 Nov;177(22):6575–84. doi: 10.1128/jb.177.22.6575-6584.1995.; Armstrong GA. Eubacteria show their true colors: genetics of carotenoid pigment biosynthesis from microbes to plants. J Bacteriol. 1994 Aug;176(16):4795–802. doi: 10.1128/jb.176.16.4795-4802.1994.; Misawa N, Nakagawa M, Kobayashi K, Yamano S, Izawa Y, Nakamura K, Harashima K. Elucidation of the Erwinia uredovora carotenoid biosynthetic pathway by functional analysis of gene products expressed in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1990 Dec;172(12):6704–12. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.12.6704-6712.1990. |
| carotenoid cleavage Accession ID: BioCyc:ARA_PWY-6806 |
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Ilg A, Beyer P, Al-Babili S. Characterization of the rice carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 reveals a novel route for geranial biosynthesis. FEBS J. 2009 Feb;276(3):736–47. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06820.x. PMID: 19120446.; Schwartz SH, Qin X, Loewen MC. The Biochemical Characterization of Two Carotenoid Cleavage Enzymes from Arabidopsis Indicates That a Carotenoid-derived Compound Inhibits Lateral Branching. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2004 Nov;279(45):46940–5. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m409004200.; Wyss A. Carotene Oxygenases: A New Family of Double Bond Cleavage Enzymes. The Journal of Nutrition. 2004 Jan;134(1):246S–250S. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.1.246s.; Schwartz SH, Qin X, Zeevaart JD. Characterization of a Novel Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase from Plants. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2001 Jan;276(27):25208–11. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m102146200.; Kiefer C, Hessel S, Lampert JM, Vogt K, Lederer MO, Breithaupt DE, von Lintig J. Identification and Characterization of a Mammalian Enzyme Catalyzing the Asymmetric Oxidative Cleavage of Provitamin A. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2001 Apr;276(17):14110–6. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m011510200. |
| Metabolism and regulation Accession ID: Plant Reactome:R-OAU-2744345 |
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