Pyruvate (BioCAD00000017046)

blood breast milk cellular cytoplasm cerebrospinal fluid (csf) feces saliva sweat urine adipose tissue brain fibroblasts heart kidney liver neuron pancreas placenta skeletal muscle spleen testis thyroid gland

Metabolite Card

Formula: C3H4O3 (88.016)
SMILES: CC(=O)C(O)=O

Synonyms [en]

Pyruvic acid; Pyruvate; 2-Oxopropanoic acid; Pyroracemic acid; acetylformic acid; Brenztraubensaeure

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-06-28.

Cite this Page

Pyruvate. 数据之源，洞见之始. SMRUCC genomics institute, a synthetic life researcher from China. https://biocad_registry.innovation.ac.cn/s/(-)-arctiin (retrieved 2026-01-03) (CAD Registry RN: BioCAD00000017046). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Note

Pyruvic acid or pyruvate is a simple alpha-keto acid. It is a three-carbon molecule containing a carboxylic acid group and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate is the simplest alpha-keto acid and according to official nomenclature by IUPAC, it is called alpha-keto propanoic acid. Like other keto acids, pyruvic acid can tautomerize from its ketone form to its enol form, containing a double bond and an alcohol. Pyruvate is found in all living organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. It is intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Pyruvate is a key intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell. In particular, pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-CoA. Pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle (TCA or Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration), and alternatively ferments to produce lactate when oxygen is lacking (lactic acid). In glycolysis, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is converted to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase. This reaction is strongly exergonic and irreversible. In gluconeogenesis, it takes two enzymes, pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxykinase, to catalyze the reverse transformation of pyruvate to PEP. Pyruvic acid is also a metabolite of Corynebacterium (PMID: 27872963).

Extracellular Mitochondria Peroxisome
Entity Information

DBLinks

Other DBLinks
  • CAS Registry Number: 127-17-3
  • PubChem: 1060
  • ChEBI: ChEBI:15361
  • ChEBI: ChEBI:32816
  • HMDB: HMDB0000243
  • HMDB: HMDB00243
  • LipidMaps: LMFA01060077
  • KEGG: C00022
  • BioCyc: PYRUVATE
  • NCBI MeSH: Pyruvic Acid
  • Wikipedia: Pyruvic acid
  • Wikipedia: Pyruvic_acid
  • DrugBank: DB00119
  • RefMet: RM0134967
  • MoNA: EMBL-MCF_spec392023
  • MoNA: EMBL-MCF_spec392036
  • MoNA: EMBL_MCF_2_0_HRMS_Library000280
  • MoNA: FiehnHILIC001477
  • MoNA: FiehnLib001111
  • MoNA: HMDB0000243_c_ms_904
  • MoNA: HMDB0000243_c_ms_911
  • MoNA: JP009205
  • MoNA: KO001590
  • MoNA: KO001591
  • MoNA: KO001592
  • MoNA: KO001593
  • MoNA: KO001594
  • MoNA: MoNA034528
  • MoNA: MoNA034529
  • MoNA: MoNA034530
  • MoNA: MoNA038044
  • MoNA: OUF00439
  • MoNA: PS007801
  • MoNA: PS007802
  • MoNA: PS098201
  • MoNA: PS098202
  • MoNA: PS098203
  • Metlin: METLIN_117
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0269827.0

Class / Ontology

Metabolic Network
ID EC Number Name
KEGG:R00006 2.2.1.6 pyruvate:pyruvate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating);
KEGG:R00008 4.1.3.17 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate pyruvate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
KEGG:R00014 1.2.4.1 pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
KEGG:R00195 4.3.1.15 2,3-diaminopropanoate ammonia-lyase (adding water; pyruvate-forming)
KEGG:R00196 1.1.2.3 (S)-lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
KEGG:R00197 1.1.2.4 (R)-lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
KEGG:R00198 1.1.2.5 (R)-lactate:ferricytochrome-c-553 2-oxidoreductase
KEGG:R00199 2.7.9.2 ATP:pyruvate,water phosphotransferase
KEGG:R00200 2.7.1.40 ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
KEGG:R00203 1.2.1.22 pyruvaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase;
KEGG:R00205 1.2.1.49 2-oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
KEGG:R00206 2.7.9.1 ATP:pyruvate,phosphate phosphotransferase
KEGG:R00207 1.2.3.3 pyruvate:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
KEGG:R00208 3.1.3.60 phosphoenolpyruvate phosphohydrolase
KEGG:R00209 1.2.1.104 pyruvate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-acetylating);
KEGG:R00210 1.2.1.51 pyruvate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-acetylating)
KEGG:R00211 1.2.3.6 pyruvate:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-acetylating)
KEGG:R00212 2.3.1.54 acetyl-CoA:formate C-acetyltransferase
KEGG:R00213 4.3.1.13 O-carbamoyl-L-serine ammonia-lyase (decarboxylating; pyruvate-forming)
KEGG:R00214 1.1.1.38 (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
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Organism Source

Taxonomy Source

  1. A new engineered strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVSc1 [n.a.] [ncbi taxid: ]
  2. Aesculus turbinata [ncbi taxid: 83375]
  3. Alnus alnobetula [ncbi taxid: 38784]
  4. Alnus cordata [ncbi taxid: 109058]
  5. Aloe africana [ncbi taxid: 1080010]
  6. Aloe deltoideodonta [ncbi taxid: 210940]
  7. Aloe ferox [ncbi taxid: 117798]
  8. Aloe spicata [ncbi taxid: 992642]
  9. Aloe vera [ncbi taxid: 34199]
  10. Alstonia muelleriana [ncbi taxid: 1382056]
  11. Arabidopsis thaliana [ncbi taxid: 3702]
  12. Arachis hypogaea [ncbi taxid: 3818]
  13. Argyreia speciosa [ncbi taxid: ]
  14. Artemisia cina [ncbi taxid: 1473222]
  15. Artocarpus styracifolius [ncbi taxid: 1009334]
  16. Bauhinia purpurea [ncbi taxid: 3806]
  17. Buddleja japonica [ncbi taxid: 2029625]
  18. Bupleurum chinense [ncbi taxid: 52451]
  19. Bupleurum falcatum [ncbi taxid: 46367]
  20. Bupleurum scorzonerifolium [ncbi taxid: 48105]
  21. Capsella bursa [ncbi taxid: ]
  22. Capsella bursa-pastoris [ncbi taxid: 3719]
  23. Capsicum annuum [ncbi taxid: 4072]
  24. Chondodendron toxicoferum [ncbi taxid: ]
  25. Cicer arietinum [ncbi taxid: 3827]
  26. Citrullus lanatus [ncbi taxid: 3654]
  27. Citrus aurantium [ncbi taxid: ]
  28. Cnidium monieri [ncbi taxid: ]
  29. Cnidium monnieri [ncbi taxid: 94007]
  30. Conyza stricta [ncbi taxid: ]
  31. Coreopsis nodosa [ncbi taxid: ]
  32. Crinum latifolium [ncbi taxid: 209099]
  33. Dacrydium cupressinum [ncbi taxid: 56890]
  34. Dacrydium intermedium [ncbi taxid: ]
  35. Delonix regia [ncbi taxid: 72433]
  36. Dickeya chrysanthemi [ncbi taxid: 556]
  37. Dorstenia mannii [ncbi taxid: 194258]
  38. Elmerrillia papuana [ncbi taxid: ]
  39. Erigeron annuus [ncbi taxid: 91248]
  40. Escherichia coli [ncbi taxid: 562]
  41. FOOD SAKE [ncbi taxid: ]
  42. Forsythia giraldiana [ncbi taxid: 205689]
  43. Gentiana utriculosa [ncbi taxid: 49958]
  44. Glycine tomentella [ncbi taxid: 44015]
  45. Goldfussia yunnanensis [ncbi taxid: ]
  46. Haematococcus lacustris [ncbi taxid: 44745]
  47. Herba cichorii [ncbi taxid: ]
  48. Homo sapiens [ncbi taxid: 9606]
  49. Hypoxylon rubiginosum [ncbi taxid: 110542]
  50. Jaborosa laciniata [ncbi taxid: 1608009]
  51. Krameria parvifolia [ncbi taxid: ]
  52. Laurencia nidifica [ncbi taxid: 689809]
  53. Laurentia longiflora [ncbi taxid: ]
  54. Lecanora coniza [ncbi taxid: ]
  55. Leitneria floridana [ncbi taxid: 83908]
  56. Lepraria citrina [ncbi taxid: ]
  57. Lycium barbarum [ncbi taxid: 112863]
  58. Lycium chinense [ncbi taxid: 112883]
  59. Magnolia yunnanensis [ncbi taxid: 114512]
  60. Malus pumila [ncbi taxid: 283210]
  61. Melia indica [ncbi taxid: ]
  62. Nicotiana undulata [ncbi taxid: 118713]
  63. Notholaena aschenborniana [ncbi taxid: 451087]
  64. Oxalis corniculata [ncbi taxid: 212256]
  65. Panax ginseng [ncbi taxid: 4054]
  66. Panax schinseng [ncbi taxid: ]
  67. Passiflora incarnata [ncbi taxid: 159425]
  68. Petrosia hebes [ncbi taxid: ]
  69. Phyllidiella pustulosa [ncbi taxid: 154616]
  70. Pisum sativum [ncbi taxid: ]
  71. Polygonum hydropiper [ncbi taxid: ]
  72. Polygonum persicaria [ncbi taxid: ]
  73. Pterocladia tenuis [ncbi taxid: ]
  74. Pterocladiella tenuis [ncbi taxid: 947988]
  75. Purpura aperta [ncbi taxid: ]
  76. Saccharomyces cerevisiae [ncbi taxid: 4932]
  77. Saccharomyces pastori [ncbi taxid: ]
  78. Sebertia acuminata [ncbi taxid: ]
  79. Senecio paludaffinis [ncbi taxid: 1892289]
  80. Stevia rebaudiana [ncbi taxid: 55670]
  81. Streptomyces caespitosus [ncbi taxid: 53502]
  82. Streptomyces eurocidicus [ncbi taxid: 66423]
  83. Streptomyces flocculus [ncbi taxid: ]
  84. Streptomyces griseolus [ncbi taxid: 1909]
  85. Streptomyces hygroscopicus IMET JA 6599 [ncbi taxid: ]
  86. Streptomyces venezuelae [ncbi taxid: 54571]
  87. Swertia chinensis [ncbi taxid: 149060]
  88. Syphonota geographica [ncbi taxid: 356483]
  89. Tachigalia paniculata [ncbi taxid: ]
  90. Thermopsis mollis [ncbi taxid: 2805045]
  91. Torilis japonica [ncbi taxid: 49576]
  92. Trigonella caerulea [ncbi taxid: 200963]
  93. Trigonella cerulea [ncbi taxid: ]
  94. Trigonella grandiflora [ncbi taxid: 1210110]
  95. Tripolium pannonicum [ncbi taxid: 74787]
  96. Typha latifolia [ncbi taxid: 4733]
  97. Uvaria calamistrata [ncbi taxid: 672966]
  98. Vernonia profuga [ncbi taxid: 434704]

Pathway Synthetic

pathway id name
BioCyc:CALBI_COMPLETE-ARO-PWY superpathway of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
BioCyc:CALBI_PWY-3742 tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis
BioCyc:CALBI_PWY3B3-100 TCA cycle, aerobic respiration
BioCyc:CALBI_TRPSYN-PWY tryptophan biosynthesis
BioCyc:CALBI_PYRUVDEHYD-PWY pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
BioCyc:CALBI_PWY3O-4120 tyrosine biosynthesis
BioCyc:CALBI_ALANINE-DEG3-PWY alanine degradation
BioCyc:CALBI_PWY3O-4108 tyrosol biosynthesis
BioCyc:CALBI_GLUCONEO-PWY gluconeogenesis
BioCyc:CALBI_PWY3B3-10 ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) biosynthesis
BioCyc:CALBI_SERDEG-PWY serine degradation
BioCyc:CALBI_ASPBIO-PWY aspartate biosynthesis
BioCyc:CALBI_PWY-5079 phenylalanine degradation
BioCyc:CALBI_GLYSYN-ALA-PWY glycine biosynthesis from alanine
BioCyc:CALBI_ILEUSYN-PWY isoleucine biosynthesis
BioCyc:CALBI_PWY3B3-2134 methylglyoxal pathway
BioCyc:CALBI_PWY3B3-2 tetrapyrrole biosynthesis
BioCyc:CALBI_PWY3O-645 superpathway of glycine biosynthesis
BioCyc:CALBI_PWY-801 cysteine and homocysteine interconversion
BioCyc:CALBI_PWY3B3-8 fermentation
View All Pathways