beta-Carotene (BioCAD00000007251)

blood breast milk feces adipose tissue adrenal gland epidermis erythrocyte fibroblasts intestine liver placenta platelet prostate spleen plant natural products microbial natural products

Metabolite Card

Formula: C40H56 (536.4382)
SMILES: C\C(\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C

Synonyms [en]

beta-carotene; all-trans-beta-Carotene; b-Carotene; Β-carotene; 1,1'-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaene-1,18-diyl]bis(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexene); beta-Karotin

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-06-28.

Cite this Page

beta-Carotene. 数据之源，洞见之始. SMRUCC genomics institute, a synthetic life researcher from China. https://biocad_registry.innovation.ac.cn/s/(-)-arctiin (retrieved 2026-01-03) (CAD Registry RN: BioCAD00000007251). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Note

Beta-Carotene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of polyunsaturated hydrocarbon molecules containing eight consecutive isoprene units. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Beta-carotene is therefore considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Beta-carotene is a strongly coloured red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, plants, and fruits. It is synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and therefore has 40 carbons. Among the carotenes, beta-carotene is distinguished by having beta-rings at both ends of the molecule. Beta-Carotene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. It is the most common form of carotene in plants. In nature, Beta-carotene is a precursor (inactive form) to vitamin A. Vitamin A is produed via the action of beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase on carotenes. In mammals, carotenoid absorption is restricted to the duodenum of the small intestine and dependent on a class B scavenger receptor (SR-B1) membrane protein, which is also responsible for the absorption of vitamin E. One molecule of beta-carotene can be cleaved by the intestinal enzyme Beta-Beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase into two molecules of vitamin A. Beta-Carotene contributes to the orange color of many different fruits and vegetables. Vietnamese gac and crude palm oil are particularly rich sources, as are yellow and orange fruits, such as cantaloupe, mangoes, pumpkin, and papayas, and orange root vegetables such as carrots and sweet potatoes. Excess beta-carotene is predominantly stored in the fat tissues of the body. The most common side effect of excessive beta-carotene consumption is carotenodermia, a physically harmless condition that presents as a conspicuous orange skin tint arising from deposition of the carotenoid in the outermost layer of the epidermis.

Cytoplasm Extracellular Membrane
Entity Information

DBLinks

Other DBLinks
  • CAS Registry Number: 16910-92-2
  • CAS Registry Number: 7235-40-7
  • PubChem: 5178
  • PubChem: 5280489
  • PubChem: 54603957
  • ChEBI: ChEBI:17579
  • HMDB: HMDB0000561
  • HMDB: HMDB00561
  • LipidMaps: LMPR01070001
  • KEGG: C02094
  • BioCyc: CPD1F-129
  • NCBI MeSH: beta Carotene
  • Wikipedia: %CE%92-Carotene
  • Wikipedia: Beta_Carotene
  • DrugBank: DB06755
  • RefMet: RM0135391
  • MoNA: CA000023
  • MoNA: CCMSLIB00000574965
  • MoNA: HMDB0000561_ms_ms_1218142
  • MoNA: HMDB0000561_ms_ms_1218143
  • MoNA: HMDB0000561_ms_ms_1218144
  • MoNA: HMDB0000561_ms_ms_1218145
  • MoNA: HMDB0000561_ms_ms_1218146
  • MoNA: METOX_UA101001
  • MoNA: MoNA011435
  • MoNA: MSJ00137
  • MoNA: MSJ00138
  • MoNA: MSJ00139
  • MoNA: PM001204
  • MoNA: PM015414
  • Metlin: METLIN_214
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0162382.1
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0233748.0

Class / Ontology

Metabolic Network
ID EC Number Name
KEGG:R00032 1.13.11.63 beta-carotene:oxygen 15,15'-oxidoreductase (bond-cleaving)
KEGG:R03823 C02094<=>C05432
KEGG:R03824 5.5.1.19 carotenoid beta-end group lyase (decyclizing)
KEGG:R05345 1.14.99.63 beta-carotene,donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (echinenone-forming)
KEGG:R07558 1.14.13.- beta-carotene,reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster:oxygen 3-oxidoreductase
KEGG:R07560 1.3.99.39 beta-carotene:acceptor oxidoreductase/methyltranferase (phi-ring forming)
KEGG:R07857 1.3.99.39 beta-carotene:acceptor oxidoreductase/methyltranferase (phi-ring forming)
KEGG:R08988 C02094<=>C18036
KEGG:R09747 1.14.15.24 beta-carotene,reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster:oxygen 3-oxidoreductase
KEGG:R10282 5.2.1.14 beta-carotene 9-cis-all-trans isomerase
KEGG:R10559 1.13.11.71 all-trans-beta-carotene:O2 oxidoreductase (9',10'-cleaving)
KEGG:R12179 C02094<=>C08592
Rhea:RHEA:26390 1.13.11.71 all-trans-β-carotene + O2 => β-ionone + all-trans-10'-apo-β-carotenal
Rhea:RHEA:26391 1.13.11.71 β-ionone + all-trans-10'-apo-β-carotenal => all-trans-β-carotene + O2
Rhea:RHEA:26392 1.13.11.71 all-trans-β-carotene + O2 <=> β-ionone + all-trans-10'-apo-β-carotenal
Rhea:RHEA:30324 all-trans-β-carotene + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + O2 + 2 H+ => β-cryptoxanthin + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + H2O
Rhea:RHEA:30325 β-cryptoxanthin + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + H2O => all-trans-β-carotene + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + O2 + 2 H+
Rhea:RHEA:30326 all-trans-β-carotene + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + O2 + 2 H+ <=> β-cryptoxanthin + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + H2O
Rhea:RHEA:30332 1.14.15.24 all-trans-β-carotene + 4 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + 2 O2 + 4 H+ => all-trans-zeaxanthin + 4 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + 2 H2O
Rhea:RHEA:30333 1.14.15.24 all-trans-zeaxanthin + 4 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + 2 H2O => all-trans-β-carotene + 4 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + 2 O2 + 4 H+
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Organism Source

Taxonomy Source

  1. Caloscypha fulgens [ncbi taxid: 47187]
  2. Coccinella septempunctata [ncbi taxid: 41139]
  3. Macrosiphum liriodendri [ncbi taxid: ]
  4. Aaptos aaptos [ncbi taxid: 253165]
  5. Abelmoschus esculentus [ncbi taxid: 455045]
  6. Acacia acuminata [ncbi taxid: 178749]
  7. Acacia adunca [ncbi taxid: 204988]
  8. Acacia aulacocarpa [ncbi taxid: 138511]
  9. Acacia cambagei [ncbi taxid: 1173637]
  10. Acacia dealbata [ncbi taxid: 205042]
  11. Acaryochloris marina strain MBIC 11017 [ncbi taxid: ]
  12. Acaryochloris sp. strain Awaji [ncbi taxid: ]
  13. Aceriphyllum rossii [ncbi taxid: ]
  14. Acherontia atropus [ncbi taxid: ]
  15. Achillea macrophylla [ncbi taxid: 282746]
  16. Aconitum nevadense [ncbi taxid: 2739826]
  17. Aconitum tauricum [ncbi taxid: 1532244]
  18. Acrosorium ciliolatum [ncbi taxid: 1550622]
  19. Actinidia chinensis [ncbi taxid: 3625]
  20. Actinidia deliciosa [ncbi taxid: 3627]
  21. Adiantum lunulatum [ncbi taxid: ]
  22. Aegagrophila linnaei [ncbi taxid: ]
  23. Agaricus bisporus [ncbi taxid: 5341]
  24. Agave aurea [ncbi taxid: 467071]
  25. Agnorhiza bolanderi [ncbi taxid: 230216]
  26. Agrobacterium aurantiacum [ncbi taxid: 44155]
  27. Ajuga spectabilis [ncbi taxid: 1586319]
  28. Alligator mississippiensis [ncbi taxid: 8496]
  29. Allium ampeloprasum [ncbi taxid: 4681]
  30. Allium ascalonicum [ncbi taxid: 1476995]
  31. Allium cepa [ncbi taxid: 4679]
  32. Allium sativum [ncbi taxid: 4682]
  33. Allium schoenoprasum [ncbi taxid: 74900]
  34. Aloe arborescens [ncbi taxid: 45385]
  35. Aloe vera l. var. chinensis (haw.) berger [ncbi taxid: ]
  36. Alseodaphne corneri [ncbi taxid: ]
  37. Alstonia spathulata [ncbi taxid: ]
  38. Alstroemeria revoluta [ncbi taxid: 198691]
  39. Amathia pinnata [ncbi taxid: ]
  40. Ambrosia cordifolia [ncbi taxid: 2067513]
  41. Amelanchier alnifolia [ncbi taxid: 32219]
  42. Amphidinium carterae [ncbi taxid: 2961]
  43. Anabaena aerulosa oscillatorioides [ncbi taxid: ]
  44. Anabaena cylindrica [ncbi taxid: 1165]
  45. Anabaena flos-aquae [ncbi taxid: ]
  46. Anabaena variabilis [ncbi taxid: ]
  47. Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 [ncbi taxid: ]
  48. Anacardium occidentale [ncbi taxid: 171929]
  49. Anacystis montana [ncbi taxid: ]
  50. Anacystis nidulans [ncbi taxid: ]
  51. Ananas comosus [ncbi taxid: 4615]
  52. Anaxagorea clavata [ncbi taxid: ]
  53. Anemone flaccida [ncbi taxid: ]
  54. Anethum graveolens [ncbi taxid: 40922]
  55. Aneura pinguis [ncbi taxid: 39026]
  56. Aniba canelilla [ncbi taxid: 2803977]
  57. Ankistrodesmus spp. [ncbi taxid: ]
  58. Annona cherimola [ncbi taxid: 49314]
  59. Annona cornifolia [ncbi taxid: 502529]
  60. Annona impressivenia [ncbi taxid: ]
  61. Annona muricata [ncbi taxid: 13337]
  62. Annona reticulata [ncbi taxid: 301862]
  63. Annona squamosa [ncbi taxid: 301693]
  64. Anthriscus cerefolium [ncbi taxid: 40888]
  65. Antithamnion plumula [ncbi taxid: ]
  66. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae [ncbi taxid: 1176]
  67. Aphanizomenon gracile [ncbi taxid: 54296]
  68. Aphis fabae [ncbi taxid: 191316]
  69. Apium graveolens [ncbi taxid: 4045]
  70. Arabidopsis thaliana [ncbi taxid: 3702]
  71. Arachis hypogaea [ncbi taxid: 3818]
  72. Araujia sericifera [ncbi taxid: 63463]
  73. Arctium lappa [ncbi taxid: 4217]
  74. Ardisia neriifolia [ncbi taxid: 2184479]
  75. Ardisia quinquegona [ncbi taxid: 648860]
  76. Aria pallescens [ncbi taxid: ]
  77. Ariopsis felis [ncbi taxid: 75286]
  78. Armoracia rusticana [ncbi taxid: 3704]
  79. Arnica nevadensis [ncbi taxid: 436208]
  80. Arnica viscosa [ncbi taxid: 436215]
  81. Aronia melanocarpa [ncbi taxid: 661339]
  82. Arousa sp. [ncbi taxid: ]
  83. Artemisia assoana [ncbi taxid: 1227617]
  84. Artemisia dracunculus [ncbi taxid: 72341]
  85. Artemisia monogyna [ncbi taxid: 1903222]
  86. Artemisia vulgaris [ncbi taxid: 4220]
  87. Arthrospira sp. [ncbi taxid: 35824]
  88. Artocarpus altilis [ncbi taxid: 194251]
  89. Artocarpus heterophyllus [ncbi taxid: 3489]
  90. Ascophyllum nodosum [ncbi taxid: 52969]
  91. Asparagus officinalis [ncbi taxid: 4686]
  92. Asparagus officinalis L. [ncbi taxid: ]
  93. Aspergillus unguis [ncbi taxid: 40381]
  94. Aspidosperma subincanum [ncbi taxid: 2743209]
  95. Aster alpinus [ncbi taxid: 669631]
  96. Asterocytis ramosa [ncbi taxid: ]
  97. Asterospicularia laurae [ncbi taxid: 1540332]
  98. Asterospicularia randalli [ncbi taxid: 205092]
  99. Astragalus sempervirens [ncbi taxid: 1532287]
  100. Astragalus tragacantha [ncbi taxid: 858344]
  101. Athanasia dregeana [ncbi taxid: ]
  102. Aulacocephalus temmincki [ncbi taxid: ]
  103. Avena sativa [ncbi taxid: 4498]
  104. Averrhoa carambola [ncbi taxid: 28974]
  105. Baccharis hutchisonii [ncbi taxid: ]
  106. Baccharis solieri [ncbi taxid: ]
  107. Bangia alropurpurea [ncbi taxid: ]
  108. Bangia fuscopurpurea [ncbi taxid: 101920]
  109. Banisteria caapi [ncbi taxid: ]
  110. Baphia nitida [ncbi taxid: 162666]
  111. Baphicacanthus cusia [ncbi taxid: ]
  112. Basella alba [ncbi taxid: 3589]
  113. Basicladia sp. [ncbi taxid: ]
  114. Bassia butyracea [ncbi taxid: ]
  115. Bathycoccus prasinos [ncbi taxid: 41875]
  116. Benincasa hispida [ncbi taxid: 102211]
  117. Berberis crataegina [ncbi taxid: 2602221]
  118. Bersama yangambiensis [ncbi taxid: ]
  119. Beta vulgaris [ncbi taxid: 161934]
  120. Beyeria brevifolia [ncbi taxid: 2752376]
  121. Bishovia boliviensis [ncbi taxid: ]
  122. Bixa orellana [ncbi taxid: 66672]
  123. Blastochloris viridis [ncbi taxid: 1079]
  124. Bonnemaisonia hamifera [ncbi taxid: 31369]
  125. Borago officinalis [ncbi taxid: 13363]
  126. Boronia megastigma [ncbi taxid: 709985]
  127. Bos taurus [ncbi taxid: 9913]
  128. Bossiella californica [ncbi taxid: 48943]
  129. Bossiella orbignyana [ncbi taxid: ]
  130. Botryococcus braunii [ncbi taxid: 38881]
  131. Botryococcus braunii Kawaguchi-1 [ncbi taxid: ]
  132. Bradyrhizobium lupini [ncbi taxid: 136996]
  133. Brassica alboglabra [ncbi taxid: ]
  134. Brassica juncea [ncbi taxid: 3707]
  135. Brassica napus [ncbi taxid: 3708]
  136. Brassica oleracea [ncbi taxid: 3712]
  137. Brassica oleracea var. sabauda [ncbi taxid: 1216010]
  138. Brassica rapa [ncbi taxid: 3711]
  139. Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis [ncbi taxid: 93385]
  140. Brassica ruvo [ncbi taxid: ]
  141. Brosimum alicastrum [ncbi taxid: 194253]
  142. Broussonetia kazinoki [ncbi taxid: 66380]
  143. Broussonetia papyrifera [ncbi taxid: 172644]
  144. Bursaria spinosa [ncbi taxid: 105281]
  145. Bursera delpechiana [ncbi taxid: ]
  146. Byrsonima crassifolia [ncbi taxid: 4270]
  147. Cacospongia scalaris [ncbi taxid: ]
  148. Caesalpinia decapetala [ncbi taxid: ]
  149. Cajanus cajan [ncbi taxid: 3821]
  150. Calceolaria thyrsiflora [ncbi taxid: 240994]
  151. Calendula officinalis [ncbi taxid: 41496]
  152. Calliarthron tuberculosum [ncbi taxid: 48942]
  153. Callicarpa macrophylla [ncbi taxid: 536997]
  154. Callistemon viminalis [ncbi taxid: 73737]
  155. Callophyllis pinnata [ncbi taxid: 38325]
  156. Calophyllum thwaitesii [ncbi taxid: ]
  157. Calostephane divaricata [ncbi taxid: 1548555]
  158. Calothrix parietina [ncbi taxid: 32054]
  159. Camellia sinensis [ncbi taxid: 4442]
  160. Canarium schweinfurthii [ncbi taxid: 533031]
  161. Candida parapsilosis [ncbi taxid: 5480]
  162. Cantharellus cibarius [ncbi taxid: 36066]
  163. Capparis spinosa [ncbi taxid: 65558]
  164. Capsicum annuum [ncbi taxid: 4072]
  165. Capsicum annuum var. lycopersiciforme flavum [ncbi taxid: ]
  166. Capsicum frutescens [ncbi taxid: 4073]
  167. Caragana arborescens [ncbi taxid: 20484]
  168. Caragana aurantiaca [ncbi taxid: 626687]
  169. Carica papaya [ncbi taxid: 3649]
  170. Carum carvi [ncbi taxid: 48032]
  171. Carya illinoinensis [ncbi taxid: 32201]
  172. Castanopsis sclerophylla [ncbi taxid: 425823]
  173. Centaurea sinaica [ncbi taxid: ]
  174. Centroceras clavulatum [ncbi taxid: 159503]
  175. Ceramium rubrum [ncbi taxid: 35157]
  176. Ceratonia siliqua [ncbi taxid: 20340]
  177. Chaenomeles sinensis [ncbi taxid: ]
  178. Chaetomorpha crassa [ncbi taxid: 162064]
  179. Chaetomorpha okamurae [ncbi taxid: ]
  180. Chaiturus marrubiastrum [ncbi taxid: 694349]
  181. Chamaemelum nobile [ncbi taxid: 99037]
  182. Chara aspera [ncbi taxid: 69330]
  183. Chara contraria [ncbi taxid: 69334]
  184. Chara foetida [ncbi taxid: ]
  185. Chara globularis [ncbi taxid: 69338]
  186. Chara gymnophylla [ncbi taxid: 1658605]
  187. Chara hispida [ncbi taxid: 37303]
  188. Chara intermedia [ncbi taxid: ]
  189. Chara polyacantha [ncbi taxid: ]
  190. Chara rudis [ncbi taxid: 1304951]
  191. Chara vulgaris [ncbi taxid: 55564]
  192. Chattonella japonica [ncbi taxid: ]
  193. Chenopodium album [ncbi taxid: 3559]
  194. Chenopodium quinoa [ncbi taxid: 63459]
  195. Chisocheton ceramicus [ncbi taxid: 155624]
  196. Chlamydomonas parkeae [ncbi taxid: 156093]
  197. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii [ncbi taxid: 3055]
  198. Chloranthus tianmushanensis [ncbi taxid: ]
  199. Chlorella fusca [ncbi taxid: ]
  200. Chlorella pyrenoidosa [ncbi taxid: ]
  201. Chlorella zofingiensis [ncbi taxid: ]
  202. Chlorococcum citriforme [ncbi taxid: 1521711]
  203. Chondracanthus canaliculatus [ncbi taxid: 35175]
  204. Chondracanthus corymbiferus [ncbi taxid: 35177]
  205. Chondracanthus exasperatus [ncbi taxid: 95348]
  206. Chondracanthus spinosus [ncbi taxid: 35179]
  207. Chondracanthus squarrulosus [ncbi taxid: 168823]
  208. Chondracanthus volans [ncbi taxid: ]
  209. Chondrus crispus [ncbi taxid: 2769]
  210. Chromolaena odorata [ncbi taxid: 103745]
  211. Chromolaena pulchella [ncbi taxid: ]
  212. Chromulina ochromonoides [ncbi taxid: 1034828]
  213. Chrysanthemum coronarium [ncbi taxid: ]
  214. Cicer arietinum [ncbi taxid: 3827]
  215. Cichorium endivia [ncbi taxid: 114280]
  216. Cichorium intybus [ncbi taxid: 13427]
  217. Cinnamomum aromaticum [ncbi taxid: 119260]
  218. Cinnamomum verum [ncbi taxid: 128608]
  219. Cissus pallidiflorus [ncbi taxid: ]
  220. Citrullus lanatus [ncbi taxid: 3654]
  221. Citrullus vulgaris [ncbi taxid: ]
  222. Citrus aurantiifolia [ncbi taxid: ]
  223. Citrus aurantium [ncbi taxid: ]
  224. Citrus latifolia [ncbi taxid: ]
  225. Citrus limon [ncbi taxid: ]
  226. Citrus natsudaidai [ncbi taxid: 109792]
  227. Citrus paradisi [ncbi taxid: ]
  228. Citrus reticulata [ncbi taxid: 85571]
  229. Citrus sinensis [ncbi taxid: 2711]
  230. Citrus trifoliata [ncbi taxid: 37690]
  231. Cladonia evansii [ncbi taxid: 197026]
  232. Cladonia sp. [ncbi taxid: 2040733]
  233. Cladophora albida [ncbi taxid: 34126]
  234. Cladophora coelothrix [ncbi taxid: 34128]
  235. Cladophora conchopheria [ncbi taxid: ]
  236. Cladophora glomerata [ncbi taxid: 162068]
  237. Cladophora horii [ncbi taxid: ]
  238. Cladophora japonica [ncbi taxid: ]
  239. Cladophora kosterae [ncbi taxid: ]
  240. Cladophora ohkuboana [ncbi taxid: ]
  241. Cladophora pellucida [ncbi taxid: ]
  242. Cladophora sericea [ncbi taxid: 34134]
  243. Cladophora vagabunda [ncbi taxid: 34136]
  244. Cladophoropsis fasciculatus [ncbi taxid: ]
  245. Cladophoropsis membranacea [ncbi taxid: 34123]
  246. Cladophoropsis vaucheriaeformis [ncbi taxid: ]
  247. Clarias fuscus [ncbi taxid: 33541]
  248. Cleome africana [ncbi taxid: 860685]
  249. Cleome pungens [ncbi taxid: ]
  250. Clione limacina [ncbi taxid: 71516]
  251. Clonostachys rosea [ncbi taxid: 29856]
  252. Coccinella septempunctata [ncbi taxid: 41139]
  253. Coccochloris elabens [ncbi taxid: ]
  254. Coccolithus huxleyi [ncbi taxid: ]
  255. Coccus fagi [ncbi taxid: ]
  256. Codonopsis clematidea [ncbi taxid: 942849]
  257. Coelastrum proboscideum [ncbi taxid: 795112]
  258. Coffea arabica [ncbi taxid: 13443]
  259. Coffea canephora [ncbi taxid: 49390]
  260. Colocasia esculenta [ncbi taxid: 4460]
  261. Comptonia peregrina [ncbi taxid: 29742]
  262. Conocephalum japonicum [ncbi taxid: 134427]
  263. Coptis trifolia subsp. groenlandica [ncbi taxid: 1844482]
  264. Corallina officinalis [ncbi taxid: 35170]
  265. Corallina vancouverensis [ncbi taxid: ]
  266. Corbicula clams [ncbi taxid: ]
  267. Corbicula japonica [ncbi taxid: 141464]
  268. Corbicula sandai [ncbi taxid: 141465]
  269. Corchorus olitorius [ncbi taxid: 93759]
  270. Cordylanthus kingii [ncbi taxid: 90354]
  271. Coriandrum sativum [ncbi taxid: 4047]
  272. Corydoras melanistius [ncbi taxid: ]
  273. Corylus avellana [ncbi taxid: 13451]
  274. Costus afer [ncbi taxid: 328752]
  275. Cotyledon secunda [ncbi taxid: ]
  276. Crataegus davisii [ncbi taxid: ]
  277. Crataegus pontica [ncbi taxid: ]
  278. Crateva religiosa [ncbi taxid: 202634]
  279. Crinipellis scabella [ncbi taxid: 230788]
  280. Crinum erubescens [ncbi taxid: 209093]
  281. Crossopetalum tonduzii [ncbi taxid: ]
  282. Croton cumingii [ncbi taxid: ]
  283. Croton hieronymi [ncbi taxid: 2896018]
  284. Croton megistocarpus [ncbi taxid: 425923]
  285. Cryptocarya aschersoniana [ncbi taxid: 1345236]
  286. Cryptomonas ovata [ncbi taxid: 70450]
  287. Cryptomonas sp. [ncbi taxid: 3031]
  288. Cryptopleura lobulifera [ncbi taxid: 131093]
  289. Cucumaria japonica [ncbi taxid: ]
  290. Cucumis melo [ncbi taxid: 3656]
  291. Cucumis melo Inodorus Group [ncbi taxid: ]
  292. Cucumis metuliferus [ncbi taxid: 61886]
  293. Cucumis sativus [ncbi taxid: 3659]
  294. Cucurbita maxima [ncbi taxid: 3661]
  295. Cucurbita moschata [ncbi taxid: 3662]
  296. Cucurbita pepo [ncbi taxid: 3663]
  297. Cuminum cyminum [ncbi taxid: 52462]
  298. Cupressus lawsoniana [ncbi taxid: ]
  299. Curcuma heyneana [ncbi taxid: 378295]
  300. Cyanidioschyzon merolae [ncbi taxid: 45157]
  301. Cyanophora paradoxa [ncbi taxid: 2762]
  302. Cydonia oblonga [ncbi taxid: 36610]
  303. Cylindrospormum sp. [ncbi taxid: ]
  304. Cymbopogon citratus [ncbi taxid: 66014]
  305. Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus [ncbi taxid: 59895]
  306. Cystophora scalaris [ncbi taxid: 590105]
  307. Cytisus scoparius [ncbi taxid: 3835]
  308. Daemonorops draco [ncbi taxid: ]
  309. Daphniphyllum angustifolium [ncbi taxid: 2338893]
  310. Daucus carota [ncbi taxid: 4039]
  311. Dendrosenecio kilimanjari [ncbi taxid: 109559]
  312. Desmanthus illinoensis [ncbi taxid: 196648]
  313. Digitalis lanata [ncbi taxid: 49450]
  314. Dioscorea septemloba [ncbi taxid: 64701]
  315. Dioscorea spp. [ncbi taxid: ]
  316. Dioscorea zingiberensis [ncbi taxid: 325984]
  317. Diospyros kaki [ncbi taxid: 35925]
  318. Dipterocarpus alatus [ncbi taxid: 340438]
  319. Disynaphia halimifolia [ncbi taxid: ]
  320. Doodia picta [ncbi taxid: ]
  321. Dracaena draco [ncbi taxid: 100532]
  322. Drechslera avenae [ncbi taxid: 33199]
  323. Drosera peltata [ncbi taxid: 4369]
  324. Dumortiera hirsuta [ncbi taxid: 56917]
  325. Dunaliella bardawil [ncbi taxid: ]
  326. Dunaliella salina [ncbi taxid: 3046]
  327. Dunaliella spp. [ncbi taxid: ]
  328. Durio zibethinus [ncbi taxid: 66656]
  329. Dysphania ambrosioides [ncbi taxid: 330163]
  330. Echinocystis lobata [ncbi taxid: 252533]
  331. Echinops amplexicaulis [ncbi taxid: 910522]
  332. Elaeagnus angustifolia [ncbi taxid: 36777]
  333. Elaeis spp. [ncbi taxid: ]
  334. Elsholtzia bodinieri [ncbi taxid: 1874228]
  335. Emilia sonchifolia [ncbi taxid: 415160]
  336. Encephalartos altensteinii [ncbi taxid: 3300]
  337. Epaltes gariepina [ncbi taxid: 1548596]
  338. Equisetum silvaticum [ncbi taxid: ]
  339. Eragrostis tef [ncbi taxid: 110835]
  340. Eragrostis viscosa [ncbi taxid: 2575316]
  341. Eria foetida [ncbi taxid: ]
  342. Eriobotrya japonica [ncbi taxid: 32224]
  343. Eruca vesicaria [ncbi taxid: 180536]
  344. Erwinia herbicola strain Eho10 [ncbi taxid: ]
  345. Erwinia herbicola strain Eho13 [ncbi taxid: ]
  346. Erwinia uredovora [ncbi taxid: ]
  347. Erythrina fusca [ncbi taxid: 556509]
  348. Erythrina lithosperma [ncbi taxid: ]
  349. Ettlia carotinosa [ncbi taxid: 707317]
  350. Eucalyptus melliodora [ncbi taxid: 183838]
  351. Eucheuma uncinatum [ncbi taxid: ]
  352. Eucomis bicolor [ncbi taxid: 208119]
  353. Eugenia uniflora [ncbi taxid: 119951]
  354. Euglena gracilis [ncbi taxid: 3039]
  355. Euglena gracilis var. bacillarus [ncbi taxid: ]
  356. Euglena rubida mainx [ncbi taxid: ]
  357. Euglena sanguinea [ncbi taxid: 130315]
  358. Euglena viridis [ncbi taxid: 3040]
  359. Eunicella cavolinii [ncbi taxid: ]
  360. Eupatorium argentinum [ncbi taxid: ]
  361. Eupatorium havanense [ncbi taxid: ]
  362. Euphorbia kamerunica [ncbi taxid: ]
  363. Euphorbia marginata [ncbi taxid: 28955]
  364. Eutrema japonicum [ncbi taxid: 75806]
  365. Eutreptiella gymnastica [ncbi taxid: 73025]
  366. Evolvulus alsinoides [ncbi taxid: 439689]
  367. Excoecaria acerifolia [ncbi taxid: 2054263]
  368. Excoecaria oppositifolia [ncbi taxid: 3389821]
  369. Extatosoma tiaratum [ncbi taxid: 7024]
  370. Fagara budrunga [ncbi taxid: ]
  371. Fagopyrum esculentum [ncbi taxid: 3617]
  372. Feijoa sellowiana [ncbi taxid: 260130]
  373. Felicia amelloides [ncbi taxid: 696374]
  374. Ferula badhysi [ncbi taxid: 371331]
  375. Fibrocapsa japonica [ncbi taxid: 94617]
  376. Ficus carica [ncbi taxid: 3494]
  377. Ficus formosana [ncbi taxid: 1127366]
  378. Flavobacterium sp. Strain R1534 [ncbi taxid: ]
  379. Foeniculum vulgare [ncbi taxid: ]
  380. Folium camelliae sinensis [ncbi taxid: ]
  381. Folium pini [ncbi taxid: ]
  382. Forsteronia refracta [ncbi taxid: 387687]
  383. Fragaria x ananassa [ncbi taxid: 3747]
  384. Fridericia chica [ncbi taxid: 353936]
  385. Fructus mori [ncbi taxid: ]
  386. Fructus vitis viniferae [ncbi taxid: ]
  387. Fucus serratus [ncbi taxid: 87148]
  388. Fucus vesiculosus [ncbi taxid: 49266]
  389. Fusarium avenaceum [ncbi taxid: 40199]
  390. Fusarium gibbosum [ncbi taxid: 2126134]
  391. Fusarium sacchari [ncbi taxid: 42676]
  392. Fusinus perplexus [ncbi taxid: ]
  393. Galleria mellonella [ncbi taxid: 7137]
  394. Garcinia mangostana [ncbi taxid: 58228]
  395. Gardenia collinsae [ncbi taxid: 1233748]
  396. Gardenia fosbergii [ncbi taxid: ]
  397. Garrya laurifolia [ncbi taxid: 1197921]
  398. Gelidium coulteri [ncbi taxid: 28849]
  399. Gelidium johnstonii [ncbi taxid: 1357443]
  400. Gelidium robustum [ncbi taxid: 31404]
  401. Gelliodes callista [ncbi taxid: 1336858]
  402. Gentiana clusii [ncbi taxid: 49942]
  403. Geranium sibiricum [ncbi taxid: 345237]
  404. Gigartina stellata [ncbi taxid: ]
  405. Ginkgo biloba [ncbi taxid: 3311]
  406. Glaucocystis nostochinearum [ncbi taxid: 38271]
  407. Glenodinium sp. [ncbi taxid: ]
  408. Glycine max [ncbi taxid: 3847]
  409. Gnetum latifolium [ncbi taxid: 225592]
  410. Goniothalamus giganteus [ncbi taxid: 261092]
  411. Goniothalamus malayanus [ncbi taxid: 261094]
  412. Gonospermum gomerae [ncbi taxid: 127983]
  413. Gonyostomum semen [ncbi taxid: 375454]
  414. Goupia glabra [ncbi taxid: 39314]
  415. Gracilaria textorii [ncbi taxid: 172949]
  416. Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis [ncbi taxid: 2782]
  417. Grammatophora oceanica [ncbi taxid: 210454]
  418. Grateloupia setchelii [ncbi taxid: ]
  419. Grewia mollis [ncbi taxid: 3105936]
  420. Grindelia acutifolia [ncbi taxid: ]
  421. Guanomyces polythrix [ncbi taxid: 110160]
  422. Guatteria boliviana [ncbi taxid: 343271]
  423. Guazuma ulmifolia [ncbi taxid: 93772]
  424. Gymnocarpium robertianum [ncbi taxid: 983334]
  425. Gymnodinum nelsoni [ncbi taxid: ]
  426. Gymnodinum splendens [ncbi taxid: ]
  427. Gymnogobius castaneus [ncbi taxid: 255296]
  428. Gymnosporia senegalensis [ncbi taxid: 256095]
  429. Gypsophila repens [ncbi taxid: 325494]
  430. Gyrodinium dorsum [ncbi taxid: 160607]
  431. Haemanthus toxicarius [ncbi taxid: ]
  432. Haloarcula japonica [ncbi taxid: 29282]
  433. Halobacterium cutirubrum [ncbi taxid: ]
  434. Halomicronema hongdechloris [ncbi taxid: 1209493]
  435. Halorubrum chaoviator Halo-G [ncbi taxid: ]
  436. Hedysarum connatum [ncbi taxid: ]
  437. Helenium quadridentatum [ncbi taxid: 1448041]
  438. Helianthus annuus [ncbi taxid: 4232]
  439. Helianthus tuberosus [ncbi taxid: 4233]
  440. Heliotropium floridum [ncbi taxid: 454097]
  441. Helipterum gnaphaloides [ncbi taxid: ]
  442. Helipterum roseum [ncbi taxid: ]
  443. Hemiselmis virescens [ncbi taxid: 77927]
  444. Herba cichorii [ncbi taxid: ]
  445. Herba fragariae [ncbi taxid: ]
  446. Heterotheca grandiflora [ncbi taxid: 1573925]
  447. Hibiscus sabbariffa [ncbi taxid: ]
  448. Hibiscus sabdariffa [ncbi taxid: 183260]
  449. Hippoglossus hippoglossus [ncbi taxid: 8267]
  450. Hippophae rhamnoides [ncbi taxid: 193516]
  451. Hofmeisteria schaffneri [ncbi taxid: 176606]
  452. Homo sapiens [ncbi taxid: 9606]
  453. Hordeum vulgare [ncbi taxid: 4513]
  454. Hovenia acerba [ncbi taxid: 210357]
  455. Hymenomonas carterae [ncbi taxid: ]
  456. Hypericum laricifolium [ncbi taxid: 1136989]
  457. Hypericum perforatum [ncbi taxid: 65561]
  458. Ilex affinis [ncbi taxid: 185489]
  459. Ilex lepta [ncbi taxid: ]
  460. Ipomoea aquatica [ncbi taxid: 89636]
  461. Ipomoea batatas [ncbi taxid: 4120]
  462. Ipomoea batatas Lam. [ncbi taxid: ]
  463. Ipomoea digitata [ncbi taxid: ]
  464. Ipomoea purpurea [ncbi taxid: 4121]
  465. Ircinia oros [ncbi taxid: 1141585]
  466. Isochrysis galbana [ncbi taxid: 37099]
  467. Isodon kameba [ncbi taxid: ]
  468. Jania tenella [ncbi taxid: ]
  469. Juglans nigra [ncbi taxid: 16719]
  470. Juglans regia [ncbi taxid: 51240]
  471. Junceella fragilis [ncbi taxid: 98366]
  472. Jungermannia hyalina [ncbi taxid: ]
  473. Juniperus brevifolia [ncbi taxid: 746017]
  474. Kaempferia marginata [ncbi taxid: 340432]
  475. Kaempferia pulchra [ncbi taxid: 199647]
  476. Karwinskia mollis [ncbi taxid: 3090034]
  477. Kaunia saltensis [ncbi taxid: 1745086]
  478. Kobresia nepalensis [ncbi taxid: ]
  479. Lablab purpureus [ncbi taxid: 35936]
  480. Laburnum anagyroides [ncbi taxid: 49828]
  481. Lactarius scrobiculatus [ncbi taxid: 93011]
  482. Lactuca sativa [ncbi taxid: 4236]
  483. Lagerstroemia indica [ncbi taxid: 141186]
  484. Laggera alata [ncbi taxid: 441197]
  485. Laminaria digitata [ncbi taxid: 80365]
  486. Laminaria saccharina [ncbi taxid: ]
  487. Laurencia gardneri [ncbi taxid: ]
  488. Laurencia spectabilis [ncbi taxid: ]
  489. Leathesia nana [ncbi taxid: ]
  490. Lens culinaris [ncbi taxid: 3864]
  491. Lepidium sativum [ncbi taxid: 33125]
  492. Lepisorus ussuriensis [ncbi taxid: 699700]
  493. Leptodontidium elatius [ncbi taxid: 187858]
  494. Leucas cephalotes [ncbi taxid: 1260214]
  495. Ligularia muliensis [ncbi taxid: 2126609]
  496. Limacina helicina [ncbi taxid: 220647]
  497. Lindera myrrha [ncbi taxid: ]
  498. Linum usitatissimum [ncbi taxid: 4006]
  499. Liobagrus reinii [ncbi taxid: 78875]
  500. Liriope muscari [ncbi taxid: 39529]
  501. Lithothamnion corallioides [ncbi taxid: 1277934]
  502. Litsea aciculata [ncbi taxid: ]
  503. Litsea pulchella [ncbi taxid: ]
  504. Litsea triflora [ncbi taxid: 2944847]
  505. Lonicera japonica [ncbi taxid: 105884]
  506. Luffa aegyptiaca [ncbi taxid: 3670]
  507. Lychnophora uniflora [ncbi taxid: 3144813]
  508. Lycium barbarum [ncbi taxid: 112863]
  509. Lycium chinense [ncbi taxid: 112883]
  510. Lysimachia japonica [ncbi taxid: 213274]
  511. Lysimachia mauritiana [ncbi taxid: 306286]
  512. Macowania corymbosa [ncbi taxid: ]
  513. Macrosiphum liriodendri [ncbi taxid: ]
  514. Malapterurus electricus [ncbi taxid: 337630]
  515. Malpighia emarginata [ncbi taxid: 151847]
  516. Malus pumila [ncbi taxid: 283210]
  517. Mammea americana [ncbi taxid: 198777]
  518. Mangifera indica [ncbi taxid: 29780]
  519. Manihot esculenta [ncbi taxid: 3983]
  520. Manilkara zapota [ncbi taxid: 3741]
  521. Mantoniella squamata [ncbi taxid: 13608]
  522. Maranta arundinacea [ncbi taxid: 210060]
  523. Marcetella moquiniana [ncbi taxid: 137452]
  524. Marrubium alysson [ncbi taxid: 694370]
  525. Marrubium anisodon [ncbi taxid: 2291693]
  526. Mastigocladus laminosus [ncbi taxid: 83541]
  527. Mastocarpus papillatus [ncbi taxid: 31436]
  528. Matteuccia struthiopteris [ncbi taxid: 3277]
  529. Maytenus jelskii [ncbi taxid: ]
  530. Mazzaella accida [ncbi taxid: ]
  531. Mazzaella affinis [ncbi taxid: 35185]
  532. Medicago arabica [ncbi taxid: 70936]
  533. Medicago cancellata [ncbi taxid: 66809]
  534. Medicago carstiensis [ncbi taxid: 66810]
  535. Medicago cretacea [ncbi taxid: 66812]
  536. Medicago daghestanica [ncbi taxid: 70942]
  537. Medicago falcata [ncbi taxid: ]
  538. Medicago glomerata [ncbi taxid: ]
  539. Medicago hybrida [ncbi taxid: 66814]
  540. Medicago marina [ncbi taxid: 66815]
  541. Medicago papillosa [ncbi taxid: 70964]
  542. Medicago pironae [ncbi taxid: 66816]
  543. Medicago prostrata [ncbi taxid: 70967]
  544. Medicago rupestris [ncbi taxid: ]
  545. Medicago ruthenica [ncbi taxid: 70973]
  546. Medicago sativa [ncbi taxid: 3879]
  547. Medicago saxatilis [ncbi taxid: 119392]
  548. Medicago suffruticosa [ncbi taxid: 66818]
  549. Medinilla magnifica [ncbi taxid: 1799599]
  550. Melaleuca decora [ncbi taxid: ]
  551. Melampodium heterophyllum [ncbi taxid: ]
  552. Melia indica [ncbi taxid: ]
  553. Melochia corchorifolia [ncbi taxid: 133573]
  554. Mentha spicata [ncbi taxid: 29719]
  555. Mentha x piperita [ncbi taxid: 34256]
  556. Merismopedia punctata [ncbi taxid: 882065]
  557. Mesua ferrea [ncbi taxid: 210380]
  558. Methylomonas methanica [ncbi taxid: 421]
  559. Microciona prolifera [ncbi taxid: ]
  560. Microcladia coulteri [ncbi taxid: ]
  561. Micrococcus roseus [ncbi taxid: ]
  562. Microcoleus paludosus [ncbi taxid: 450471]
  563. Microcoleus vaginatus [ncbi taxid: 119532]
  564. Microcystis aeruginosa [ncbi taxid: 1126]
  565. Microdictyon boergesenii [ncbi taxid: 34138]
  566. Micromonas pusilla [ncbi taxid: 38833]
  567. Mikania microptera [ncbi taxid: ]
  568. Momordica charantia [ncbi taxid: 3673]
  569. Momordica cochinchinensis [ncbi taxid: 3674]
  570. Monomorium fieldi [ncbi taxid: 612288]
  571. Monopteryx uaucu [ncbi taxid: 1602310]
  572. Moringa oleifera [ncbi taxid: 3735]
  573. Morus alba [ncbi taxid: 3498]
  574. Morus bombycis [ncbi taxid: 66393]
  575. Morus nigra [ncbi taxid: 85232]
  576. Muriella aurantiaca [ncbi taxid: ]
  577. Muriella decolor [ncbi taxid: 1236197]
  578. Muriellopsis sp. [ncbi taxid: ]
  579. Mus musculus [ncbi taxid: 10090]
  580. Musa acuminata [ncbi taxid: 4641]
  581. Musa x paradisiaca [ncbi taxid: 89151]
  582. Mycobacterium tuberculosis [ncbi taxid: 1773]
  583. Myristica fragrans [ncbi taxid: 51089]
  584. Myrmica sabuleti [ncbi taxid: 229917]
  585. Mytilus edulis [ncbi taxid: 6550]
  586. Nannochloropsis oculata [ncbi taxid: 43925]
  587. Nannochloropsis salina [ncbi taxid: ]
  588. Narcissus concolor [ncbi taxid: 54871]
  589. Narcissus serotinus [ncbi taxid: 54859]
  590. Narcissus tazetta [ncbi taxid: 54860]
  591. Nasturtium officinale [ncbi taxid: 65948]
  592. Nasutitermes ephratae [ncbi taxid: 114633]
  593. Nauclea officinalis [ncbi taxid: 1009495]
  594. Naucleopsis ternstroemiiflora [ncbi taxid: 241899]
  595. Navicula pelliculosa [ncbi taxid: ]
  596. Nelumbo nucifera [ncbi taxid: 4432]
  597. Nemalion helminthoides [ncbi taxid: ]
  598. Neochloris wimmeri [ncbi taxid: ]
  599. Neolentinus lepideus [ncbi taxid: 38799]
  600. Neoptilota densa [ncbi taxid: ]
  601. Neoptilota hypnoides [ncbi taxid: ]
  602. Neospongiococcum gelatinosum [ncbi taxid: 1158268]
  603. Nephelium lappaceum [ncbi taxid: 151071]
  604. Nephroselmis olivace [ncbi taxid: ]
  605. Nephroselmis pyriformis [ncbi taxid: 156128]
  606. Nephroselmis rotunda [ncbi taxid: 344402]
  607. Neurospora crassa YLO [ncbi taxid: ]
  608. Nitella opaca [ncbi taxid: 97465]
  609. Nitzschia sp. [ncbi taxid: ]
  610. Nostoc commune [ncbi taxid: 1178]
  611. Nostoc sp. [ncbi taxid: 1180]
  612. Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 [ncbi taxid: ]
  613. Nuphar lutea [ncbi taxid: 77113]
  614. Ochrocarpos punctatus [ncbi taxid: ]
  615. Ochromonas sp. [ncbi taxid: 1955567]
  616. Ocimum basilicum [ncbi taxid: 39350]
  617. Odixia angusta [ncbi taxid: 125740]
  618. Oedogonium cardiacum [ncbi taxid: 55995]
  619. Olea europaea [ncbi taxid: 4146]
  620. Olisthodiscus luteus [ncbi taxid: 83000]
  621. Oncoba echinata [ncbi taxid: ]
  622. Onobrychis bobrovii [ncbi taxid: 872932]
  623. Ononis spinosa [ncbi taxid: 58890]
  624. Ophiolepis superba [ncbi taxid: 1869291]
  625. Opuntia cochenillifera [ncbi taxid: ]
  626. Opuntiella californica [ncbi taxid: 38362]
  627. Origanum floribundum [ncbi taxid: ]
  628. Origanum majorana [ncbi taxid: 268884]
  629. Origanum vulgare [ncbi taxid: 39352]
  630. Ormosia cinerea [ncbi taxid: ]
  631. Oryza sativa [ncbi taxid: 4530]
  632. Oscillantoria rubescens [ncbi taxid: ]
  633. Oscillatoria agardhii [ncbi taxid: ]
  634. Oscillatoria amoena [ncbi taxid: ]
  635. Oscillatoria limosa [ncbi taxid: 153188]
  636. Oscillatoria princeps [ncbi taxid: 132603]
  637. Oscillatoria tenuis [ncbi taxid: 126345]
  638. Osmundea spectabilis [ncbi taxid: 217287]
  639. Oxyanthus pyriformis [ncbi taxid: 58470]
  640. Pachyrhizus erosus [ncbi taxid: 109171]
  641. Paedoclione doliiformis [ncbi taxid: ]
  642. Pangium edule [ncbi taxid: 112823]
  643. Panicum miliaceum [ncbi taxid: 4540]
  644. Papaver persicum [ncbi taxid: 3116565]
  645. Papilio phorcas [ncbi taxid: 77261]
  646. Parabenzoin trilobum [ncbi taxid: ]
  647. Paramignya griffithii [ncbi taxid: ]
  648. Passalora rosicola [ncbi taxid: ]
  649. Passiflora edulis [ncbi taxid: 78168]
  650. Pastinaca sativa [ncbi taxid: 4041]
  651. Pausinystalia mayumbensis [ncbi taxid: ]
  652. Pavlova lutheri [ncbi taxid: ]
  653. Pedicellus melo [ncbi taxid: ]
  654. Pediomelum esculentum [ncbi taxid: 458363]
  655. Pelagococcus subviridis [ncbi taxid: 35679]
  656. Pelecyphora aselliformis [ncbi taxid: 130166]
  657. Pelteobagrus nudiceps [ncbi taxid: ]
  658. Peltostigma guatemalense [ncbi taxid: 1136780]
  659. Pelvetia canaliculata [ncbi taxid: 74467]
  660. Penicillium olsonii [ncbi taxid: 99116]
  661. Pentzia incana [ncbi taxid: 379275]
  662. Pericarpium citri reticulatae [ncbi taxid: ]
  663. Peridinium bipes [ncbi taxid: 2868]
  664. Perilla frutescens [ncbi taxid: 48386]
  665. Perilla frutescens var. arguta [ncbi taxid: 381201]
  666. Peritassa compta [ncbi taxid: ]
  667. Persea americana [ncbi taxid: 3435]
  668. Persea kusanoi [ncbi taxid: ]
  669. Pestalotiopsis heterocornis [ncbi taxid: 285113]
  670. Petasites japonicus [ncbi taxid: 186965]
  671. Petroselinum crispum [ncbi taxid: 4043]
  672. Petteria ramentacea [ncbi taxid: 49832]
  673. Phaeocystis sp. [ncbi taxid: 1907791]
  674. Phaeodactylum tricornutum [ncbi taxid: 2850]
  675. Phalaenopsis schilleriana [ncbi taxid: 212090]
  676. Phaseolus coccineus [ncbi taxid: 3886]
  677. Phaseolus lunatus [ncbi taxid: 3884]
  678. Phaseolus vulgaris [ncbi taxid: 3885]
  679. Phebalium ralstonii [ncbi taxid: ]
  680. Pheidole pallidula [ncbi taxid: 190770]
  681. Phlomoides medicinalis [ncbi taxid: 1138144]
  682. Phodymenia palmata [ncbi taxid: ]
  683. Phoebe pittieri [ncbi taxid: ]
  684. Phoenicoparrus andinus [ncbi taxid: 704177]
  685. Phoenicoparrus jamesi [ncbi taxid: 704178]
  686. Phoenix dactylifera [ncbi taxid: 42345]
  687. Phormidium ectocarpi [ncbi taxid: ]
  688. Phormidium foveolarum [ncbi taxid: ]
  689. Phormidium lucidum [ncbi taxid: 693231]
  690. Phormidium percicinum [ncbi taxid: ]
  691. Phycodrys amplissima [ncbi taxid: ]
  692. Phyllostachys edulis [ncbi taxid: 38705]
  693. Physalis philadelphica [ncbi taxid: 304130]
  694. Phytolacca americana [ncbi taxid: 3527]
  695. Pimenta dioica [ncbi taxid: 375272]
  696. Piper nigrum [ncbi taxid: 13216]
  697. Pistacia vera [ncbi taxid: 55513]
  698. Pisum sativum [ncbi taxid: ]
  699. Pithecellobium dulce [ncbi taxid: 404691]
  700. Pithophora sp. [ncbi taxid: ]
  701. Pityrogramma pallida [ncbi taxid: ]
  702. Planktothrix agardhii [ncbi taxid: 1160]
  703. Plesiocolochirus minutus [ncbi taxid: ]
  704. Pleurastrum paucicellulare [ncbi taxid: ]
  705. Pleurotus ostreatus [ncbi taxid: 5322]
  706. Plocamium cartilagineum [ncbi taxid: 31452]
  707. Plocamium violaceae [ncbi taxid: ]
  708. Plotosus lineatus [ncbi taxid: 243562]
  709. Podocarpus montanus [ncbi taxid: ]
  710. Podospora curvicolla [ncbi taxid: ]
  711. Polycephalomyces nipponicus [ncbi taxid: ]
  712. Polyneura latissima [ncbi taxid: 31391]
  713. Polyporus fibrillosus [ncbi taxid: ]
  714. Polysaccharidum versicolor [ncbi taxid: ]
  715. Polysiphonia brodiae [ncbi taxid: ]
  716. Polysiphonia brodiaei [ncbi taxid: ]
  717. Polysiphonia hendryi [ncbi taxid: ]
  718. Polysiphonia pacifica [ncbi taxid: 173544]
  719. Polysiphonia urceolata [ncbi taxid: ]
  720. Polytolypa hystricis [ncbi taxid: 221428]
  721. Poria [ncbi taxid: 81051]
  722. Porphyra laciniata [ncbi taxid: ]
  723. Porphyra perforata [ncbi taxid: ]
  724. Porphyridium aerugineum [ncbi taxid: 2792]
  725. Porphyridium cruentum [ncbi taxid: 2891951]
  726. Portulaca oleracea [ncbi taxid: 46147]
  727. Potamophylax latipennis [ncbi taxid: 1432109]
  728. Poterioochromonas malhamensis [ncbi taxid: 88167]
  729. Pouteria sapota [ncbi taxid: 233744]
  730. Prangos pabularia [ncbi taxid: 52497]
  731. Prasinococcus capsulatus [ncbi taxid: 156131]
  732. Premna odorata [ncbi taxid: 1037421]
  733. Prionitis lyalii [ncbi taxid: ]
  734. Prochlorococcus marinus strain CCMP 1375 [ncbi taxid: ]
  735. Prochlorococcus marinus strain CCMP 1986 [ncbi taxid: ]
  736. Prochlorococcus marinus strain CCMP 2773 [ncbi taxid: ]
  737. Prochloron sp. [ncbi taxid: 1215]
  738. Prochlorothrix hollandica strain PCC 9006 [ncbi taxid: ]
  739. Pronephrium triphyllum [ncbi taxid: ]
  740. Prosopis glandulosa [ncbi taxid: ]
  741. Protium heptaphyllum [ncbi taxid: 246847]
  742. Protosiphon botryoides [ncbi taxid: 44656]
  743. Protousnea sp. [ncbi taxid: ]
  744. Prunus armeniaca [ncbi taxid: 36596]
  745. Prunus avium [ncbi taxid: 42229]
  746. Prunus cerasus [ncbi taxid: 140311]
  747. Prunus domestica [ncbi taxid: 3758]
  748. Prunus dulcis [ncbi taxid: 3755]
  749. Prunus laurocerasus [ncbi taxid: 32242]
  750. Prunus persica [ncbi taxid: 3760]
  751. Prunus virginiana [ncbi taxid: 133204]
  752. Prymnesium parvum [ncbi taxid: 97485]
  753. Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea [ncbi taxid: 43657]
  754. Pseudobagrus aurantiacus [ncbi taxid: ]
  755. Pseudopterogorgia kallos [ncbi taxid: ]
  756. Pseudoscourfieldia marina [ncbi taxid: 41886]
  757. Psiadia dentata [ncbi taxid: 1225829]
  758. Psidium cattleianum [ncbi taxid: ]
  759. Psidium guajava [ncbi taxid: 120290]
  760. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus [ncbi taxid: 3891]
  761. Pteleopsis hylodendron [ncbi taxid: ]
  762. Pteris inaequalis [ncbi taxid: 2815894]
  763. Pteris prolifera [ncbi taxid: ]
  764. Pterocarpus angolensis [ncbi taxid: 182271]
  765. Pterocarpus grandiflorus [ncbi taxid: ]
  766. Pterocladia capillacea [ncbi taxid: ]
  767. Pterocladia lucida [ncbi taxid: 31408]
  768. Punica granatum [ncbi taxid: 22663]
  769. Pycnococcus provasolii [ncbi taxid: 41880]
  770. Pyramimonas amylifera [ncbi taxid: ]
  771. Pyramimonas parkeae [ncbi taxid: 36894]
  772. Pyrenophora avenae [ncbi taxid: 53484]
  773. Pyrosoma giganteum [ncbi taxid: ]
  774. Pyrus communis [ncbi taxid: 23211]
  775. Quercus aegilops [ncbi taxid: ]
  776. Rabdosia coetsoides [ncbi taxid: ]
  777. Rabdosia setschwanensis [ncbi taxid: ]
  778. Radix vitis romanetii [ncbi taxid: ]
  779. Rana temporaria [ncbi taxid: 8407]
  780. Raphanus sativus [ncbi taxid: 3726]
  781. Rauvolfia vomitoria [ncbi taxid: 403115]
  782. Rhacophorus bipunctatus [ncbi taxid: 191205]
  783. Rheedia acuminata [ncbi taxid: ]
  784. Rheum rhabarbarum [ncbi taxid: 3621]
  785. Rhizobium lupini [ncbi taxid: ]
  786. Rhizobium phaseoli [ncbi taxid: 396]
  787. Rhizoclonium grande [ncbi taxid: 162073]
  788. Rhododendron ellipticum [ncbi taxid: 134444]
  789. Rhodoglossum japonicum [ncbi taxid: ]
  790. Rhodomonas D3 [ncbi taxid: ]
  791. Rhodotorula minuta [ncbi taxid: ]
  792. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa [ncbi taxid: 5537]
  793. Rhodymenia palmata [ncbi taxid: ]
  794. Ribes nigrum [ncbi taxid: 78511]
  795. Ribes rubrum [ncbi taxid: 175228]
  796. Ribes uva-crispa [ncbi taxid: 135518]
  797. Roccellaria mollis [ncbi taxid: 415645]
  798. Romalea microptera [ncbi taxid: 7007]
  799. Rosa foetida [ncbi taxid: 74629]
  800. Rosa gallica officinalis [ncbi taxid: ]
  801. Rosa spp. [ncbi taxid: ]
  802. Rosmarinus officinalis [ncbi taxid: ]
  803. Rubrivivax gelatinosus [ncbi taxid: 28068]
  804. Rubus idaeus [ncbi taxid: 32247]
  805. Rubus loganobaccus [ncbi taxid: ]
  806. Rubus spectabilis [ncbi taxid: 59499]
  807. Rubus ursinus [ncbi taxid: 75100]
  808. Rumex acetosa [ncbi taxid: 41241]
  809. Rumex maritimus [ncbi taxid: 467604]
  810. Russula lepida [ncbi taxid: 152963]
  811. Ruta angustifolia [ncbi taxid: 452789]
  812. Ruta pinnata [ncbi taxid: 452794]
  813. Sabina sargentii [ncbi taxid: ]
  814. Saccharina japonica [ncbi taxid: 88149]
  815. Salvia dorrii [ncbi taxid: 207754]
  816. Salvia officinalis [ncbi taxid: 38868]
  817. Salvia roborowskii [ncbi taxid: 392684]
  818. Salvia syriaca [ncbi taxid: 1685717]
  819. Sambucus nigra [ncbi taxid: 4202]
  820. Sarcinochrysis marina Getler [ncbi taxid: ]
  821. Satureja hortensis [ncbi taxid: 49987]
  822. Schisandra arisanensis [ncbi taxid: 453241]
  823. Scilla indica [ncbi taxid: ]
  824. Scinaia confusa [ncbi taxid: 268583]
  825. Scinaia latifrons [ncbi taxid: 382343]
  826. Scorzonera hispanica [ncbi taxid: ]
  827. Scotiellopsis oocystiformis [ncbi taxid: ]
  828. Scutellaria amoena [ncbi taxid: 1052904]
  829. Scytonema crassum [ncbi taxid: ]
  830. Secale cereale [ncbi taxid: 4550]
  831. Sechium edule [ncbi taxid: ]
  832. Securidaca inappendiculata [ncbi taxid: 3091905]
  833. Selaginella sanguinolenta [ncbi taxid: 493175]
  834. Selliguea feei [ncbi taxid: 194882]
  835. Senecio cathcartensis [ncbi taxid: 1886426]
  836. Senecio elegans [ncbi taxid: 545667]
  837. Senecio isatideus [ncbi taxid: ]
  838. Senecio polyodon [ncbi taxid: 1892290]
  839. Senecio rufus [ncbi taxid: ]
  840. Senecio squalidus [ncbi taxid: 121554]
  841. Senegalia catechu [ncbi taxid: 138017]
  842. Senna sophera [ncbi taxid: 948718]
  843. Sequoia sempervirens [ncbi taxid: 28980]
  844. Seriphidium cinum [ncbi taxid: ]
  845. Sesamum orientale [ncbi taxid: ]
  846. Sesbania punicea [ncbi taxid: 543741]
  847. Shuteria involucrata var. vestita [ncbi taxid: 132463]
  848. Silurus asotus [ncbi taxid: 30991]
  849. Silurus biwaensis [ncbi taxid: 1604540]
  850. Silurus lithophilus [ncbi taxid: 1756094]
  851. Silurus microdorsalis [ncbi taxid: 329966]
  852. Simaba multiflora [ncbi taxid: ]
  853. Simira eliezeriana [ncbi taxid: ]
  854. Sinapis alba [ncbi taxid: 3728]
  855. Sinocalamus affinis [ncbi taxid: ]
  856. Sinularia depressa [ncbi taxid: ]
  857. Siphonocladus tropicus [ncbi taxid: 34140]
  858. Sistotrema raduloides [ncbi taxid: 283657]
  859. Skeletonema costatum [ncbi taxid: 2843]
  860. Skeletonema menzelii [ncbi taxid: 216823]
  861. Smithora naiadum [ncbi taxid: 82561]
  862. Solanum laxum [ncbi taxid: 205558]
  863. Solanum lycopersicum [ncbi taxid: 4081]
  864. Solanum melongena [ncbi taxid: 4111]
  865. Solanum quitoense [ncbi taxid: 227725]
  866. Solanum tuberosum [ncbi taxid: 4113]
  867. Solorina crocea [ncbi taxid: 48864]
  868. Sonchus arvensis [ncbi taxid: 50192]
  869. Sonchus asper [ncbi taxid: 50193]
  870. Sonchus oleraceus [ncbi taxid: 50207]
  871. Sophora angustifolia [ncbi taxid: ]
  872. Sophora japonica [ncbi taxid: ]
  873. Spartium junceum [ncbi taxid: 49843]
  874. Spinacia oleracea [ncbi taxid: 3562]
  875. Spinacia oleracea L. [ncbi taxid: ]
  876. Spirodela polyrrhiza [ncbi taxid: ]
  877. Stachys palustris [ncbi taxid: 1060938]
  878. Stenocereus stellatus [ncbi taxid: 223074]
  879. Stenostomum lucidum [ncbi taxid: 43446]
  880. Stevia chamaedrys [ncbi taxid: ]
  881. Stevia polycephala [ncbi taxid: 558499]
  882. Stigma croci [ncbi taxid: ]
  883. Stigonema hormoides [ncbi taxid: 1547880]
  884. Stigonema ocellatum [ncbi taxid: 221293]
  885. Streptomyces althioticus [ncbi taxid: 83380]
  886. Streptomyces avermectinius [ncbi taxid: ]
  887. Streptomyces globisporus 1912-Hp7 [ncbi taxid: ]
  888. Streptomyces griseus [ncbi taxid: 1911]
  889. Streptomyces parvisporogenes [ncbi taxid: 68252]
  890. Suberites domuncula [ncbi taxid: 55567]
  891. Suberites sericeus [ncbi taxid: ]
  892. Sus scrofa [ncbi taxid: 9823]
  893. Sus scrofa domesticus [ncbi taxid: 9825]
  894. Swertia franchetiana [ncbi taxid: 50785]
  895. Symphyocladia latiuscula [ncbi taxid: 396806]
  896. Symphytum uplandicum [ncbi taxid: ]
  897. Synechococcus elongatus [ncbi taxid: 32046]
  898. Synechococcus leopoliensis [ncbi taxid: 32047]
  899. Synechococcus vulcanus [ncbi taxid: ]
  900. Synechocystis sp. [ncbi taxid: 1143]
  901. Synura petersenii [ncbi taxid: 52555]
  902. Syzygium aromaticum [ncbi taxid: 219868]
  903. Syzygium cumini [ncbi taxid: 260142]
  904. Syzygium jambos [ncbi taxid: 334483]
  905. Tadehagi triquetrum [ncbi taxid: 714511]
  906. Tamarindus indica [ncbi taxid: 58860]
  907. Taraxacum officinale [ncbi taxid: 50225]
  908. Taxodium mucronatum [ncbi taxid: 99812]
  909. Tetracystis aplanosporum [ncbi taxid: ]
  910. Tetracystis intermidium [ncbi taxid: ]
  911. Tetracystis sp. [ncbi taxid: 2976233]
  912. Tetracystis tetrasporum [ncbi taxid: ]
  913. Tetraselmis chui [ncbi taxid: ]
  914. Tetraselmis marina [ncbi taxid: 41888]
  915. Tetraselmis rubens [ncbi taxid: 1764268]
  916. Tetraselmis sp. [ncbi taxid: 2812566]
  917. Tetraselmis subcordiformis [ncbi taxid: 3161]
  918. Tetraselmis suecica [ncbi taxid: 270643]
  919. Tetraselmis tetrathele [ncbi taxid: 445571]
  920. Tetraselmis wettsteinii [ncbi taxid: 1689752]
  921. Teucrium depressum [ncbi taxid: ]
  922. Teucrium oxylepis [ncbi taxid: 1209881]
  923. Thalassiosira eccentrica [ncbi taxid: 49261]
  924. Thalassiosira oceanica [ncbi taxid: 159749]
  925. Thalassiosira pseudonana [ncbi taxid: 35128]
  926. Thalassiosira rotula [ncbi taxid: 49265]
  927. Theobroma cacao [ncbi taxid: 3641]
  928. Thermopsis alterniflora [ncbi taxid: ]
  929. Thermus thermophilus [ncbi taxid: 274]
  930. Thymus piperella [ncbi taxid: ]
  931. Thymus vulgaris [ncbi taxid: 49992]
  932. Tolypothrix tenuis [ncbi taxid: 457083]
  933. Tovellia sanguinea [ncbi taxid: 363794]
  934. Tragopogon porrifolius [ncbi taxid: 13731]
  935. Trichilia rubescens [ncbi taxid: 1672008]
  936. Tricholoma batschii [ncbi taxid: 76321]
  937. Trifolium strepens [ncbi taxid: ]
  938. Trifolium subterraneum [ncbi taxid: 3900]
  939. Trigonella foenum-graecum [ncbi taxid: 78534]
  940. Trillium camschatcense [ncbi taxid: 49675]
  941. Triticum aestivum [ncbi taxid: 4565]
  942. Triticum spelta [ncbi taxid: 58933]
  943. Triticum turanicum [ncbi taxid: ]
  944. Tropaeolum majus [ncbi taxid: 4020]
  945. Typha angustifolia [ncbi taxid: 59011]
  946. Ulex europaeus [ncbi taxid: 3902]
  947. Ulex gallii [ncbi taxid: 183290]
  948. Ulex spp. [ncbi taxid: ]
  949. Uncaria sinensis [ncbi taxid: 655181]
  950. Undaria pinnatifida [ncbi taxid: 74381]
  951. Ursinia abrotanifolia [ncbi taxid: 3122733]
  952. Urtica dioica [ncbi taxid: 3501]
  953. Vaccinium alaskaense [ncbi taxid: ]
  954. Vaccinium corymbosum [ncbi taxid: 69266]
  955. Vaccinium macrocarpon [ncbi taxid: 13750]
  956. Vaccinium myrtillus [ncbi taxid: 180763]
  957. Vaccinium oxycoccos [ncbi taxid: 516948]
  958. Vaccinium vitis-idaea [ncbi taxid: 180772]
  959. Vacuolaria virescens [ncbi taxid: 44451]
  960. Vicia faba [ncbi taxid: 3906]
  961. Vigna aconitifolia [ncbi taxid: 3918]
  962. Vigna angularis [ncbi taxid: 3914]
  963. Vigna mungo [ncbi taxid: 3915]
  964. Vigna radiata [ncbi taxid: 157791]
  965. Vigna unguiculata [ncbi taxid: 3917]
  966. Viguiera incana [ncbi taxid: 1048928]
  967. Viola arvensis [ncbi taxid: 97415]
  968. Vitex madiensis [ncbi taxid: 1899206]
  969. Vitis rotundifolia [ncbi taxid: 103349]
  970. Vitis vinifera [ncbi taxid: 29760]
  971. Walsura piscidia [ncbi taxid: ]
  972. Wikstroemia retusa [ncbi taxid: 1872696]
  973. Withania adpressa [ncbi taxid: 2201923]
  974. Wittrockiella lyallii [ncbi taxid: 162076]
  975. Wittrockiella paradoxa [ncbi taxid: 185011]
  976. Xantho poressa [ncbi taxid: 84667]
  977. Xanthoparmelia pokornyi [ncbi taxid: 164177]
  978. Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous [ncbi taxid: ]
  979. Xanthosoma sagittifolium [ncbi taxid: 28478]
  980. Xenorhabdus bovienii [ncbi taxid: 40576]
  981. Zanthoxylum fagara [ncbi taxid: 1056470]
  982. Zanthoxylum tetraspermum [ncbi taxid: ]
  983. Zea mays [ncbi taxid: 4577]
  984. Zingiber officinale [ncbi taxid: 94328]
  985. Ziziphus jujuba [ncbi taxid: 326968]
  986. Zostera marina [ncbi taxid: 29655]
  987. [enterobacter] aerogenes [ncbi taxid: ]
  988. [polyangium] brachysporum [ncbi taxid: ]

Pathway Synthetic

pathway id name
BioCyc:META_PWY-6280 synechoxanthin biosynthesis
BioCyc:META_PWY-7938 isorenieratene biosynthesis I (actinobacteria)
BioCyc:SCO_PWY-5943 β-carotene biosynthesis
BioCyc:SYNEL_PWY-5944 zeaxanthin biosynthesis
BioCyc:META_PWY-6857 retinol biosynthesis
BioCyc:META_PWY-7638 echinenone and zeaxanthin biosynthesis (Synechocystis)
BioCyc:META_PWY-5944 zeaxanthin biosynthesis
BioCyc:META_PWY-5288 astaxanthin biosynthesis (bacteria, fungi, algae)
BioCyc:META_CAROTENOID-PWY superpathway of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants
BioCyc:SCO_PWY-5944 zeaxanthin biosynthesis
BioCyc:HUMAN_PWY-6857 retinol biosynthesis
BioCyc:META_PWY-6806 carotenoid cleavage
BioCyc:META_PWY-5943 β-carotene biosynthesis
BioCyc:META_PWY-5291 canthaxanthin biosynthesis
BioCyc:ARA_PWY-5944 zeaxanthin biosynthesis
BioCyc:ARA_PWY-7101 5-deoxystrigol biosynthesis
BioCyc:AURANTIMONAS_PWY-5944 zeaxanthin biosynthesis
BioCyc:SCO_CAROTENOID-PWY superpathway of carotenoid biosynthesis
BioCyc:THAPS_PWY-6857 retinol biosynthesis
BioCyc:PABTQVLC_PWY-5943 β-carotene biosynthesis
View All Pathways