Pathways Knowlegdes

Necessitatibus eius consequatur ex aliquid fuga eum quidem sint consectetur velit


Pathway DOIs Note
Immune System

Accession ID: Reactome:R-GGA-168256
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ROS and RNS production in phagocytes

Accession ID: Reactome:R-MMU-1222556
  • 10.1007/s00418-004-0672-2
  • 10.1007/s00418-008-0461-4
  • 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.05.002
  • 10.1038/290406a0
  • 10.1038/nrmicro1004
  • 10.1038/nrmicro2128
  • 10.1042/bj20020691
  • 10.1073/pnas.93.18.9553
  • 10.1073/pnas.97.16.8841
  • 10.1074/jbc.m110059200
  • 10.1083/jcb.132.1.49
  • 10.1089/152308602753625852
  • 10.1100/2011/741046
  • 10.1111/1574-6976.12026
  • 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00552.x
  • 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014442
  • 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011811-132445
  • 10.1152/ajpregu.00140.2017
  • 10.1179/1351000213y.0000000044
  • 10.1189/jlb.0810457
  • 10.1189/jlb.71.4.701
  • 10.1371/journal.pone.0125906
  • 10.3109/08830185.2012.755176
  • 10.3390/biom5020472
  • 10.4049/jimmunol.159.1.409
  • 10.4161/oxim.3.4.13246
Erard M, Dupré-Crochet S, Nüße O. Biosensors for spatiotemporal detection of reactive oxygen species in cells and tissues. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2018 May 01;314(5):R667–83. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00140.2017.; Winterbourn CC, Kettle AJ, Hampton MB. Reactive Oxygen Species and Neutrophil Function. Annu Rev Biochem. 2016 Jun 02;85():765–92. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014442. PMID: 27050287.; Levine AP, Duchen MR, de Villiers S, Rich PR, Segal AW. Alkalinity of Neutrophil Phagocytic Vacuoles Is Modulated by HVCN1 and Has Consequences for Myeloperoxidase Activity. PLoS ONE. 2015 Apr 17;10(4):e0125906. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125906.; Weidinger A, Kozlov AV. Biological Activities of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: Oxidative Stress versus Signal Transduction. Biomolecules. 2015 Apr 15;5(2):472–84. PMID: 25884116; PMCID: PMC4496681.; Vatansever F, de Melo WC, Avci P, Vecchio D, Sadasivam M, Gupta A, Chandran R, Karimi M, Parizotto NA, Yin R, Tegos GP, Hamblin MR. Antimicrobial strategies centered around reactive oxygen species--bactericidal antibiotics, photodynamic therapy, and beyond. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2013 Nov;37(6):955–89. PMID: 23802986; PMCID: PMC3791156.; Gostner JM, Becker K, Fuchs D, Sucher R. Redox regulation of the immune response. Redox Report. 2013 May;18(3):88–94. doi: 10.1179/1351000213y.0000000044.; Yang Y, Bazhin AV, Werner J, Karakhanova S. Reactive Oxygen Species in the Immune System. International Reviews of Immunology. 2013 Apr 25;32(3):249–70. doi: 10.3109/08830185.2012.755176.; Flannagan RS, Jaumouillé V, Grinstein S. The Cell Biology of Phagocytosis. Annu. Rev. Pathol. Mech. Dis. 2012 Feb 28;7(1):61–98. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011811-132445.; Nordenfelt P, Tapper H. Phagosome dynamics during phagocytosis by neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol. 2011 Aug;90(2):271–84. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0810457. PMID: 21504950.; Nüsse O. Biochemistry of the phagosome: the challenge to study a transient organelle. ScientificWorldJournal. 2011;11():2364–81. PMID: 22194668; PMCID: PMC3236389.; Attia SM. Deleterious Effects of Reactive Metabolites. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2010 Jan;3(4):238–53. doi: 10.4161/oxim.3.4.13246.; Flannagan RS, Cosío G, Grinstein S. Antimicrobial mechanisms of phagocytes and bacterial evasion strategies. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009 May;7(5):355–66. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2128. PMID: 19369951.; Kohchi C, Inagawa H, Nishizawa T, Soma G. ROS and innate immunity. Anticancer Res. 2009 Mar;29(3):817–21. PMID: 19414314.; Robinson JM. Reactive oxygen species in phagocytic leukocytes. Histochemistry and Cell Biology. 2008 Jul 03;130(2):281. doi: 10.1007/s00418-008-0461-4.; Savina A, Amigorena S. Phagocytosis and antigen presentation in dendritic cells. Immunol Rev. 2007 Oct;219():143–56. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00552.x. PMID: 17850487.; Stuart LM, Ezekowitz RA. Phagocytosis: elegant complexity. Immunity. 2005 May;22(5):539–50. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.05.002. PMID: 15894272.; Fang FC. Antimicrobial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: concepts and controversies. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004 Oct;2(10):820–32. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1004. PMID: 15378046.; Robinson JM, Ohira T, Badwey JA. Regulation of the NADPH-oxidase complex of phagocytic leukocytes. Recent insights from structural biology, molecular genetics, and microscopy. Histochem Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;122(4):293–304. doi: 10.1007/s00418-004-0672-2. PMID: 15365846.; Vieira OV, Botelho RJ, Grinstein S. Phagosome maturation: aging gracefully. Biochem J. 2002 Sep 15;366(Pt 3):689–704. PMID: 12061891; PMCID: PMC1222826.; Nauclér C, Grinstein S, Sundler R, Tapper H. Signaling to localized degranulation in neutrophils adherent to immune complexes. J Leukoc Biol. 2002 Apr;71(4):701–10. PMID: 11927658.; Jankowski A, Scott CC, Grinstein S. Determinants of the Phagosomal pH in Neutrophils. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2002 Feb;277(8):6059–66. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m110059200.; Karlsson A, Dahlgren C. Assembly and activation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase in granule membranes. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2002 Feb;4(1):49–60. doi: 10.1089/152308602753625852. PMID: 11970843.; Nathan C, Shiloh MU. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in the relationship between mammalian hosts and microbial pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Aug 01;97(16):8841–8. PMID: 10922044; PMCID: PMC34021.; Tapper H, Grinstein S. Fc receptor-triggered insertion of secretory granules into the plasma membrane of human neutrophils: selective retrieval during phagocytosis. 1997 Jul 01;159(1):409–18. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.159.1.409.; Evans TJ, Buttery LD, Carpenter A, Springall DR, Polak JM, Cohen J. Cytokine-treated human neutrophils contain inducible nitric oxide synthase that produces nitration of ingested bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1996 Sep 03;93(18):9553–8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.18.9553.; Zimmerli S, Majeed M, Gustavsson M, Stendahl O, Sanan DA, Ernst JD. Phagosome-lysosome fusion is a calcium-independent event in macrophages. J Cell Biol. 1996 Jan;132(1-2):49–61. PMID: 8567729; PMCID: PMC2120694.; Segal AW, Geisow M, Garcia R, Harper A, Miller R. The respiratory burst of phagocytic cells is associated with a rise in vacuolar pH. Nature. 1981 Apr 02;290(5805):406–9. doi: 10.1038/290406a0. PMID: 7219526.
ROS and RNS production in phagocytes

Accession ID: Reactome:R-SSC-1222556
  • 10.1007/s00418-004-0672-2
  • 10.1007/s00418-008-0461-4
  • 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.05.002
  • 10.1038/290406a0
  • 10.1038/nrmicro1004
  • 10.1038/nrmicro2128
  • 10.1042/bj20020691
  • 10.1073/pnas.93.18.9553
  • 10.1073/pnas.97.16.8841
  • 10.1074/jbc.m110059200
  • 10.1083/jcb.132.1.49
  • 10.1089/152308602753625852
  • 10.1100/2011/741046
  • 10.1111/1574-6976.12026
  • 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00552.x
  • 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014442
  • 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011811-132445
  • 10.1152/ajpregu.00140.2017
  • 10.1179/1351000213y.0000000044
  • 10.1189/jlb.0810457
  • 10.1189/jlb.71.4.701
  • 10.1371/journal.pone.0125906
  • 10.3109/08830185.2012.755176
  • 10.3390/biom5020472
  • 10.4049/jimmunol.159.1.409
  • 10.4161/oxim.3.4.13246
Erard M, Dupré-Crochet S, Nüße O. Biosensors for spatiotemporal detection of reactive oxygen species in cells and tissues. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2018 May 01;314(5):R667–83. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00140.2017.; Winterbourn CC, Kettle AJ, Hampton MB. Reactive Oxygen Species and Neutrophil Function. Annu Rev Biochem. 2016 Jun 02;85():765–92. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014442. PMID: 27050287.; Levine AP, Duchen MR, de Villiers S, Rich PR, Segal AW. Alkalinity of Neutrophil Phagocytic Vacuoles Is Modulated by HVCN1 and Has Consequences for Myeloperoxidase Activity. PLoS ONE. 2015 Apr 17;10(4):e0125906. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125906.; Weidinger A, Kozlov AV. Biological Activities of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: Oxidative Stress versus Signal Transduction. Biomolecules. 2015 Apr 15;5(2):472–84. PMID: 25884116; PMCID: PMC4496681.; Vatansever F, de Melo WC, Avci P, Vecchio D, Sadasivam M, Gupta A, Chandran R, Karimi M, Parizotto NA, Yin R, Tegos GP, Hamblin MR. Antimicrobial strategies centered around reactive oxygen species--bactericidal antibiotics, photodynamic therapy, and beyond. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2013 Nov;37(6):955–89. PMID: 23802986; PMCID: PMC3791156.; Gostner JM, Becker K, Fuchs D, Sucher R. Redox regulation of the immune response. Redox Report. 2013 May;18(3):88–94. doi: 10.1179/1351000213y.0000000044.; Yang Y, Bazhin AV, Werner J, Karakhanova S. Reactive Oxygen Species in the Immune System. International Reviews of Immunology. 2013 Apr 25;32(3):249–70. doi: 10.3109/08830185.2012.755176.; Flannagan RS, Jaumouillé V, Grinstein S. The Cell Biology of Phagocytosis. Annu. Rev. Pathol. Mech. Dis. 2012 Feb 28;7(1):61–98. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011811-132445.; Nordenfelt P, Tapper H. Phagosome dynamics during phagocytosis by neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol. 2011 Aug;90(2):271–84. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0810457. PMID: 21504950.; Nüsse O. Biochemistry of the phagosome: the challenge to study a transient organelle. ScientificWorldJournal. 2011;11():2364–81. PMID: 22194668; PMCID: PMC3236389.; Attia SM. Deleterious Effects of Reactive Metabolites. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2010 Jan;3(4):238–53. doi: 10.4161/oxim.3.4.13246.; Flannagan RS, Cosío G, Grinstein S. Antimicrobial mechanisms of phagocytes and bacterial evasion strategies. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009 May;7(5):355–66. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2128. PMID: 19369951.; Kohchi C, Inagawa H, Nishizawa T, Soma G. ROS and innate immunity. Anticancer Res. 2009 Mar;29(3):817–21. PMID: 19414314.; Robinson JM. Reactive oxygen species in phagocytic leukocytes. Histochemistry and Cell Biology. 2008 Jul 03;130(2):281. doi: 10.1007/s00418-008-0461-4.; Savina A, Amigorena S. Phagocytosis and antigen presentation in dendritic cells. Immunol Rev. 2007 Oct;219():143–56. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00552.x. PMID: 17850487.; Stuart LM, Ezekowitz RA. Phagocytosis: elegant complexity. Immunity. 2005 May;22(5):539–50. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.05.002. PMID: 15894272.; Fang FC. Antimicrobial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: concepts and controversies. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004 Oct;2(10):820–32. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1004. PMID: 15378046.; Robinson JM, Ohira T, Badwey JA. Regulation of the NADPH-oxidase complex of phagocytic leukocytes. Recent insights from structural biology, molecular genetics, and microscopy. Histochem Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;122(4):293–304. doi: 10.1007/s00418-004-0672-2. PMID: 15365846.; Vieira OV, Botelho RJ, Grinstein S. Phagosome maturation: aging gracefully. Biochem J. 2002 Sep 15;366(Pt 3):689–704. PMID: 12061891; PMCID: PMC1222826.; Nauclér C, Grinstein S, Sundler R, Tapper H. Signaling to localized degranulation in neutrophils adherent to immune complexes. J Leukoc Biol. 2002 Apr;71(4):701–10. PMID: 11927658.; Jankowski A, Scott CC, Grinstein S. Determinants of the Phagosomal pH in Neutrophils. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2002 Feb;277(8):6059–66. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m110059200.; Karlsson A, Dahlgren C. Assembly and activation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase in granule membranes. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2002 Feb;4(1):49–60. doi: 10.1089/152308602753625852. PMID: 11970843.; Nathan C, Shiloh MU. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in the relationship between mammalian hosts and microbial pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Aug 01;97(16):8841–8. PMID: 10922044; PMCID: PMC34021.; Tapper H, Grinstein S. Fc receptor-triggered insertion of secretory granules into the plasma membrane of human neutrophils: selective retrieval during phagocytosis. 1997 Jul 01;159(1):409–18. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.159.1.409.; Evans TJ, Buttery LD, Carpenter A, Springall DR, Polak JM, Cohen J. Cytokine-treated human neutrophils contain inducible nitric oxide synthase that produces nitration of ingested bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1996 Sep 03;93(18):9553–8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.18.9553.; Zimmerli S, Majeed M, Gustavsson M, Stendahl O, Sanan DA, Ernst JD. Phagosome-lysosome fusion is a calcium-independent event in macrophages. J Cell Biol. 1996 Jan;132(1-2):49–61. PMID: 8567729; PMCID: PMC2120694.; Segal AW, Geisow M, Garcia R, Harper A, Miller R. The respiratory burst of phagocytic cells is associated with a rise in vacuolar pH. Nature. 1981 Apr 02;290(5805):406–9. doi: 10.1038/290406a0. PMID: 7219526.
ROS and RNS production in phagocytes

Accession ID: Reactome:R-XTR-1222556
  • 10.1007/s00418-004-0672-2
  • 10.1007/s00418-008-0461-4
  • 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.05.002
  • 10.1038/290406a0
  • 10.1038/nrmicro1004
  • 10.1038/nrmicro2128
  • 10.1042/bj20020691
  • 10.1073/pnas.93.18.9553
  • 10.1073/pnas.97.16.8841
  • 10.1074/jbc.m110059200
  • 10.1083/jcb.132.1.49
  • 10.1089/152308602753625852
  • 10.1100/2011/741046
  • 10.1111/1574-6976.12026
  • 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00552.x
  • 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014442
  • 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011811-132445
  • 10.1152/ajpregu.00140.2017
  • 10.1179/1351000213y.0000000044
  • 10.1189/jlb.0810457
  • 10.1189/jlb.71.4.701
  • 10.1371/journal.pone.0125906
  • 10.3109/08830185.2012.755176
  • 10.3390/biom5020472
  • 10.4049/jimmunol.159.1.409
  • 10.4161/oxim.3.4.13246
Erard M, Dupré-Crochet S, Nüße O. Biosensors for spatiotemporal detection of reactive oxygen species in cells and tissues. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2018 May 01;314(5):R667–83. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00140.2017.; Winterbourn CC, Kettle AJ, Hampton MB. Reactive Oxygen Species and Neutrophil Function. Annu Rev Biochem. 2016 Jun 02;85():765–92. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014442. PMID: 27050287.; Levine AP, Duchen MR, de Villiers S, Rich PR, Segal AW. Alkalinity of Neutrophil Phagocytic Vacuoles Is Modulated by HVCN1 and Has Consequences for Myeloperoxidase Activity. PLoS ONE. 2015 Apr 17;10(4):e0125906. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125906.; Weidinger A, Kozlov AV. Biological Activities of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: Oxidative Stress versus Signal Transduction. Biomolecules. 2015 Apr 15;5(2):472–84. PMID: 25884116; PMCID: PMC4496681.; Vatansever F, de Melo WC, Avci P, Vecchio D, Sadasivam M, Gupta A, Chandran R, Karimi M, Parizotto NA, Yin R, Tegos GP, Hamblin MR. Antimicrobial strategies centered around reactive oxygen species--bactericidal antibiotics, photodynamic therapy, and beyond. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2013 Nov;37(6):955–89. PMID: 23802986; PMCID: PMC3791156.; Gostner JM, Becker K, Fuchs D, Sucher R. Redox regulation of the immune response. Redox Report. 2013 May;18(3):88–94. doi: 10.1179/1351000213y.0000000044.; Yang Y, Bazhin AV, Werner J, Karakhanova S. Reactive Oxygen Species in the Immune System. International Reviews of Immunology. 2013 Apr 25;32(3):249–70. doi: 10.3109/08830185.2012.755176.; Flannagan RS, Jaumouillé V, Grinstein S. The Cell Biology of Phagocytosis. Annu. Rev. Pathol. Mech. Dis. 2012 Feb 28;7(1):61–98. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011811-132445.; Nordenfelt P, Tapper H. Phagosome dynamics during phagocytosis by neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol. 2011 Aug;90(2):271–84. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0810457. PMID: 21504950.; Nüsse O. Biochemistry of the phagosome: the challenge to study a transient organelle. ScientificWorldJournal. 2011;11():2364–81. PMID: 22194668; PMCID: PMC3236389.; Attia SM. Deleterious Effects of Reactive Metabolites. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2010 Jan;3(4):238–53. doi: 10.4161/oxim.3.4.13246.; Flannagan RS, Cosío G, Grinstein S. Antimicrobial mechanisms of phagocytes and bacterial evasion strategies. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009 May;7(5):355–66. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2128. PMID: 19369951.; Kohchi C, Inagawa H, Nishizawa T, Soma G. ROS and innate immunity. Anticancer Res. 2009 Mar;29(3):817–21. PMID: 19414314.; Robinson JM. Reactive oxygen species in phagocytic leukocytes. Histochemistry and Cell Biology. 2008 Jul 03;130(2):281. doi: 10.1007/s00418-008-0461-4.; Savina A, Amigorena S. Phagocytosis and antigen presentation in dendritic cells. Immunol Rev. 2007 Oct;219():143–56. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00552.x. PMID: 17850487.; Stuart LM, Ezekowitz RA. Phagocytosis: elegant complexity. Immunity. 2005 May;22(5):539–50. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.05.002. PMID: 15894272.; Fang FC. Antimicrobial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: concepts and controversies. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004 Oct;2(10):820–32. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1004. PMID: 15378046.; Robinson JM, Ohira T, Badwey JA. Regulation of the NADPH-oxidase complex of phagocytic leukocytes. Recent insights from structural biology, molecular genetics, and microscopy. Histochem Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;122(4):293–304. doi: 10.1007/s00418-004-0672-2. PMID: 15365846.; Vieira OV, Botelho RJ, Grinstein S. Phagosome maturation: aging gracefully. Biochem J. 2002 Sep 15;366(Pt 3):689–704. PMID: 12061891; PMCID: PMC1222826.; Nauclér C, Grinstein S, Sundler R, Tapper H. Signaling to localized degranulation in neutrophils adherent to immune complexes. J Leukoc Biol. 2002 Apr;71(4):701–10. PMID: 11927658.; Jankowski A, Scott CC, Grinstein S. Determinants of the Phagosomal pH in Neutrophils. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2002 Feb;277(8):6059–66. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m110059200.; Karlsson A, Dahlgren C. Assembly and activation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase in granule membranes. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2002 Feb;4(1):49–60. doi: 10.1089/152308602753625852. PMID: 11970843.; Nathan C, Shiloh MU. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in the relationship between mammalian hosts and microbial pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Aug 01;97(16):8841–8. PMID: 10922044; PMCID: PMC34021.; Tapper H, Grinstein S. Fc receptor-triggered insertion of secretory granules into the plasma membrane of human neutrophils: selective retrieval during phagocytosis. 1997 Jul 01;159(1):409–18. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.159.1.409.; Evans TJ, Buttery LD, Carpenter A, Springall DR, Polak JM, Cohen J. Cytokine-treated human neutrophils contain inducible nitric oxide synthase that produces nitration of ingested bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1996 Sep 03;93(18):9553–8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.18.9553.; Zimmerli S, Majeed M, Gustavsson M, Stendahl O, Sanan DA, Ernst JD. Phagosome-lysosome fusion is a calcium-independent event in macrophages. J Cell Biol. 1996 Jan;132(1-2):49–61. PMID: 8567729; PMCID: PMC2120694.; Segal AW, Geisow M, Garcia R, Harper A, Miller R. The respiratory burst of phagocytic cells is associated with a rise in vacuolar pH. Nature. 1981 Apr 02;290(5805):406–9. doi: 10.1038/290406a0. PMID: 7219526.
Folate metabolism

Accession ID: WikiPathways:WP1075
  • 10.1016/j.mce.2008.09.042
Lee WH, Lukacik P, Guo K, Ugochukwu E, Kavanagh KL, Marsden B, Oppermann U. Structure-activity relationships of human AKR-type oxidoreductases involved in bile acid synthesis: AKR1D1 and AKR1C4. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009 Mar 25;301(1-2):199–204. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.09.042. PMID: 19013211.
Vitamin B12 metabolism

Accession ID: WikiPathways:WP3193
  • 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.09.009
Schöneich C. Methionine oxidation by reactive oxygen species: reaction mechanisms and relevance to Alzheimer's disease. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics. 2005 Jan;1703(2):111–9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.09.009.
Selenium micronutrient network

Accession ID: WikiPathways:WP15
  • 10.1515/bchm2.1968.349.1.664
STOFFEL W, LEKIM D, STICHT G. Metabolism of Sphingosine Bases, V. Biosynthesis of Dihydrosphingosinein vitro. Hoppe-Seyler´s Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie. 1968 Jan;349(1):664–70. doi: 10.1515/bchm2.1968.349.1.664.
Vitamin B12 metabolism

Accession ID: WikiPathways:WP1533
  • 10.1089/ars.2008.2046
Zamocky M, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C. Evolution of Catalases from Bacteria to Humans. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. 2008 Sep;10(9):1527–48. doi: 10.1089/ars.2008.2046.
Folate metabolism

Accession ID: WikiPathways:WP176
  • 10.1073/pnas.092133199
Peters KL, Smith HL, Stark GR, Sen GC. IRF-3-dependent, NFkappa B- and JNK-independent activation of the 561 and IFN-beta genes in response to double-stranded RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Apr 30;99(9):6322–7. PMID: 11972054; PMCID: PMC122947.
Disturbed pathways in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Accession ID: WikiPathways:WP5356
  • 10.1038/s41419-019-1877-6
Tauffenberger A, Fiumelli H, Almustafa S, Magistretti PJ. Lactate and pyruvate promote oxidative stress resistance through hormetic ROS signaling. Cell Death & Disease. 2019 Sep 10;10(9):653. doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1877-6.
Selenium micronutrient network

Accession ID: WikiPathways:WP3257
  • 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)42349-1
Holleran W, Williams M, Gao W, Elias P. Serine-palmitoyl transferase activity in cultured human keratinocytes. Journal of Lipid Research. 1990 Sep;31(9):1655–61. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)42349-1.