Pathways Knowlegdes

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Pathway DOIs Note
superpathway of choline degradation to L-serine

Accession ID: BioCyc:HUMAN_PWY66-414
  • 10.1086/319520
 Binzak BA, Wevers RA, Moolenaar SH, Lee Y, Hwu W, Poggi-Bach J, Engelke UFH, Hoard HM, Vockley JG, Vockley J. Cloning of Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase and a New Human Inborn Error of Metabolism, Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 2001 Apr;68(4):839–47. doi: 10.1086/319520.
glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:ECOO157_BETSYN-PWY		 -
choline degradation I

Accession ID: BioCyc:ECOO157_CHOLINE-BETAINE-ANA-PWY		 -
glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:AGRO_BETSYN-PWY		 -
choline degradation I

Accession ID: BioCyc:SCO_CHOLINE-BETAINE-ANA-PWY
  • 10.1016/s1476-9271(02)00094-4
  • 10.1093/nar/28.1.27
 Gattiker A, Michoud K, Rivoire C, Auchincloss AH, Coudert E, Lima T, Kersey P, Pagni M, Sigrist CJA, Lachaize C, Veuthey A, Gasteiger E, Bairoch A. Automated annotation of microbial proteomes in SWISS-PROT. Computational Biology and Chemistry. 2003 Feb;27(1):49–58. doi: 10.1016/s1476-9271(02)00094-4.; Kanehisa M, Goto S. KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 01;28(1):27–30. PMID: 10592173; PMCID: PMC102409.
glycine betaine biosynthesis II (Gram-positive bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:SCO_PWY-3722
  • 10.1016/s1476-9271(02)00094-4
  • 10.1093/nar/28.1.27
 Gattiker A, Michoud K, Rivoire C, Auchincloss AH, Coudert E, Lima T, Kersey P, Pagni M, Sigrist CJA, Lachaize C, Veuthey A, Gasteiger E, Bairoch A. Automated annotation of microbial proteomes in SWISS-PROT. Computational Biology and Chemistry. 2003 Feb;27(1):49–58. doi: 10.1016/s1476-9271(02)00094-4.; Kanehisa M, Goto S. KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 01;28(1):27–30. PMID: 10592173; PMCID: PMC102409.
glycine betaine biosynthesis III (plants)

Accession ID: BioCyc:SCO_PWY1F-353
  • 10.1016/s1476-9271(02)00094-4
  • 10.1093/nar/28.1.27
 Gattiker A, Michoud K, Rivoire C, Auchincloss AH, Coudert E, Lima T, Kersey P, Pagni M, Sigrist CJA, Lachaize C, Veuthey A, Gasteiger E, Bairoch A. Automated annotation of microbial proteomes in SWISS-PROT. Computational Biology and Chemistry. 2003 Feb;27(1):49–58. doi: 10.1016/s1476-9271(02)00094-4.; Kanehisa M, Goto S. KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 01;28(1):27–30. PMID: 10592173; PMCID: PMC102409.
glycine betaine biosynthesis II (Gram-positive bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:BSUB_PWY-3722		 -
choline degradation I

Accession ID: BioCyc:PCHR_CHOLINE-BETAINE-ANA-PWY		 -
choline degradation I

Accession ID: BioCyc:THAPS_CHOLINE-BETAINE-ANA-PWY		 -
choline degradation IV

Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-7494
  • 10.1104/pp.88.3.695
  • 10.1128/ec.00348-12
 Lambou K, Pennati A, Valsecchi I, Tada R, Sherman S, Sato H, Beau R, Gadda G, Latgé JP. Pathway of glycine betaine biosynthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus. Eukaryot Cell. 2013 Jun;12(6):853–63. PMID: 23563483; PMCID: PMC3675988.; Lerma C, Hanson AD, Rhodes D. Oxygen-18 and deuterium labeling studies of choline oxidation by spinach and sugar beet. Plant Physiol. 1988 Nov;88(3):695–702. PMID: 16666370; PMCID: PMC1055647.
choline degradation I

Accession ID: BioCyc:META_CHOLINE-BETAINE-ANA-PWY
  • 10.1128/jb.170.7.3142-3149.1988
 Smith LT, Pocard JA, Bernard T, Le Rudulier D. Osmotic control of glycine betaine biosynthesis and degradation in Rhizobium meliloti. J Bacteriol. 1988 Jul;170(7):3142–9. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.7.3142-3149.1988.
glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:ECO_BETSYN-PWY
  • 10.1128/jb.165.3.856-863.1986
 Styrvold OB, Falkenberg P, Landfald B, Eshoo MW, Bjørnsen T, Strøm AR. Selection, mapping, and characterization of osmoregulatory mutants of Escherichia coli blocked in the choline-glycine betaine pathway. J Bacteriol. 1986 Mar;165(3):856–63. doi: 10.1128/jb.165.3.856-863.1986.
choline degradation I

Accession ID: BioCyc:CAULO_CHOLINE-BETAINE-ANA-PWY		 -
choline-O-sulfate degradation

Accession ID: BioCyc:AGRO_P542-PWY		 -
glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:AURANTIMONAS_BETSYN-PWY		 -
glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:PCHR_BETSYN-PWY		 -
glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:ECOL316407_BETSYN-PWY		 -
glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:ECOL413997_BETSYN-PWY		 -
glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:THAPS_BETSYN-PWY		 -