Pathways Knowlegdes
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| Pathway | DOIs | Note |
|---|---|---|
| theobromine biosynthesis I Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-5039 |
|
Zheng XQ, Koyama Y, Nagai C, Ashihara H. Biosynthesis, accumulation and degradation of theobromine in developing Theobroma cacao fruits. J Plant Physiol. 2004 Apr;161(4):363–9. doi: 10.1078/0176-1617-01253. PMID: 15128023. |
| caffeine biosynthesis I Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-5037 |
|
Misako K, Kouichi M. Caffeine synthase and related methyltransferases in plants. Front Biosci. 2004 May 01;9():1833–42. doi: 10.2741/1364. PMID: 14977590.; Ashihara H, Suzuki T. Distribution and biosynthesis of caffeine in plants. Front Biosci. 2004 May 01;9():1864–76. doi: 10.2741/1367. PMID: 14977593.; Mizuno K, Kato M, Irino F, Yoneyama N, Fujimura T, Ashihara H. The first committed step reaction of caffeine biosynthesis: 7-methylxanthosine synthase is closely homologous to caffeine synthases in coffee (Coffea arabica L.)1. FEBS Letters. 2003 Jun 19;547(1-3):56–60. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00670-7.; Uefuji H, Ogita S, Yamaguchi Y, Koizumi N, Sano H. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of three distinct N-methyltransferases involved in the caffeine biosynthetic pathway in coffee plants. Plant Physiol. 2003 May;132(1):372–80. PMID: 12746542; PMCID: PMC166982.; Mizuno K, Okuda A, Kato M, Yoneyama N, Tanaka H, Ashihara H, Fujimura T. Isolation of a new dual-functional caffeine synthase gene encoding an enzyme for the conversion of 7-methylxanthine to caffeine from coffee (Coffea arabica L.)1. FEBS Letters. 2002 Dec 12;534(1-3):75–81. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03781-x.; Ogawa M, Herai Y, Koizumi N, Kusano T, Sano H. 7-Methylxanthine methyltransferase of coffee plants. Gene isolation and enzymatic properties. J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 16;276(11):8213–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m009480200. PMID: 11108716. |
| caffeine degradation IV (bacteria, via demethylation and oxidation) Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-6632 |
|
Summers RM, Louie TM, Yu C, Gakhar L, Louie KC, Subramanian M. Novel, Highly Specific N -Demethylases Enable Bacteria To Live on Caffeine and Related Purine Alkaloids. J Bacteriol. 2012 Apr 15;194(8):2041–9. doi: 10.1128/jb.06637-11.; Summers RM, Louie TM, Yu CL, Subramanian M. Characterization of a broad-specificity non-haem iron N-demethylase from Pseudomonas putida CBB5 capable of utilizing several purine alkaloids as sole carbon and nitrogen source. Microbiology (Reading). 2011 Feb;157(Pt 2):583–92. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.043612-0. PMID: 20966097.; Dash SS, Gummadi SN. Catabolic pathways and biotechnological applications of microbial caffeine degradation. Biotechnol Lett. 2006 Dec;28(24):1993–2002. doi: 10.1007/s10529-006-9196-2. PMID: 17009088.; Mazzafera P. Catabolism of caffeine in plants and microorganisms. Front Biosci. 2004 May 01;9():1348–59. doi: 10.2741/1339. PMID: 14977550.; HOHNLOSER W, OSSWALD B, LINGENS F. Enzymological Aspects of Caffeine Demethylation and Formaldehyde Oxidation byPseudomonas putidaC1. Hoppe-Seyler´s Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie. 1980 Jan;361(2):1763–6. doi: 10.1515/bchm2.1980.361.2.1763. |
| caffeine biosynthesis II (via paraxanthine) Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-5038 |
|
Uefuji H, Ogita S, Yamaguchi Y, Koizumi N, Sano H. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of three distinct N-methyltransferases involved in the caffeine biosynthetic pathway in coffee plants. Plant Physiol. 2003 May;132(1):372–80. PMID: 12746542; PMCID: PMC166982.; Mizuno K, Okuda A, Kato M, Yoneyama N, Tanaka H, Ashihara H, Fujimura T. Isolation of a new dual-functional caffeine synthase gene encoding an enzyme for the conversion of 7-methylxanthine to caffeine from coffee (Coffea arabica L.)1. FEBS Letters. 2002 Dec 12;534(1-3):75–81. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03781-x.; Kato M, Mizuno K, Crozier A, Fujimura T, Ashihara H. Caffeine synthase gene from tea leaves. Nature. 2000 Aug 31;406(6799):956–7. doi: 10.1038/35023072. PMID: 10984041.; Kato M, Mizuno K, Fujimura T, Iwama M, Irie M, Crozier A, Ashihara H. Purification and characterization of caffeine synthase from tea leaves. Plant Physiol. 1999 Jun;120(2):579–86. PMID: 10364410; PMCID: PMC59297. |
| caffeine degradation III (bacteria, via demethylation) Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-6538 |
|
Summers RM, Seffernick JL, Quandt EM, Yu CL, Barrick JE, Subramanian MV. Caffeine Junkie: an Unprecedented Glutathione S-Transferase-Dependent Oxygenase Required for Caffeine Degradation by Pseudomonas putida CBB5. Journal of Bacteriology. 2013 Jun 28;195(17):3933–9. doi: 10.1128/jb.00585-13.; Summers RM, Louie TM, Yu C, Gakhar L, Louie KC, Subramanian M. Novel, Highly Specific N -Demethylases Enable Bacteria To Live on Caffeine and Related Purine Alkaloids. J Bacteriol. 2012 Apr 15;194(8):2041–9. doi: 10.1128/jb.06637-11.; Summers RM, Louie TM, Yu CL, Subramanian M. Characterization of a broad-specificity non-haem iron N-demethylase from Pseudomonas putida CBB5 capable of utilizing several purine alkaloids as sole carbon and nitrogen source. Microbiology (Reading). 2011 Feb;157(Pt 2):583–92. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.043612-0. PMID: 20966097.; Yu CL, Louie TM, Summers R, Kale Y, Gopishetty S, Subramanian M. Two Distinct Pathways for Metabolism of Theophylline and Caffeine Are Coexpressed in Pseudomonas putida CBB5. J Bacteriol. 2009 Jul 15;191(14):4624–32. doi: 10.1128/jb.00409-09.; Dash SS, Gummadi SN. Catabolic pathways and biotechnological applications of microbial caffeine degradation. Biotechnol Lett. 2006 Dec;28(24):1993–2002. doi: 10.1007/s10529-006-9196-2. PMID: 17009088.; Mazzafera P. Catabolism of caffeine in plants and microorganisms. Front Biosci. 2004 May 01;9():1348–59. doi: 10.2741/1339. PMID: 14977550.; HOHNLOSER W, OSSWALD B, LINGENS F. Enzymological Aspects of Caffeine Demethylation and Formaldehyde Oxidation byPseudomonas putidaC1. Hoppe-Seyler´s Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie. 1980 Jan;361(2):1763–6. doi: 10.1515/bchm2.1980.361.2.1763.; Woolfolk CA. Metabolism of N-methylpurines by a Pseudomonas putida strain isolated by enrichment on caffeine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. J Bacteriol. 1975 Sep;123(3):1088–106. doi: 10.1128/jb.123.3.1088-1106.1975. |
| theobromine biosynthesis I Accession ID: PlantCyc:COCOA_PWY-5039 |
|
Zheng XQ, Koyama Y, Nagai C, Ashihara H. Biosynthesis, accumulation and degradation of theobromine in developing Theobroma cacao fruits. J Plant Physiol. 2004 Apr;161(4):363–9. doi: 10.1078/0176-1617-01253. PMID: 15128023. |
| caffeine biosynthesis I Accession ID: PlantCyc:COCOA_PWY-5037 |
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| caffeine biosynthesis II (via paraxanthine) Accession ID: PlantCyc:PLANT_PWY-5038 |
|
Uefuji H, Ogita S, Yamaguchi Y, Koizumi N, Sano H. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of three distinct N-methyltransferases involved in the caffeine biosynthetic pathway in coffee plants. Plant Physiol. 2003 May;132(1):372–80. PMID: 12746542; PMCID: PMC166982.; Mizuno K, Okuda A, Kato M, Yoneyama N, Tanaka H, Ashihara H, Fujimura T. Isolation of a new dual-functional caffeine synthase gene encoding an enzyme for the conversion of 7-methylxanthine to caffeine from coffee (Coffea arabica L.)1. FEBS Letters. 2002 Dec 12;534(1-3):75–81. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03781-x.; Kato M, Mizuno K, Crozier A, Fujimura T, Ashihara H. Caffeine synthase gene from tea leaves. Nature. 2000 Aug 31;406(6799):956–7. doi: 10.1038/35023072. PMID: 10984041.; Kato M, Mizuno K, Fujimura T, Iwama M, Irie M, Crozier A, Ashihara H. Purification and characterization of caffeine synthase from tea leaves. Plant Physiol. 1999 Jun;120(2):579–86. PMID: 10364410; PMCID: PMC59297. |
| caffeine biosynthesis I Accession ID: PlantCyc:PLANT_PWY-5037 |
|
Misako K, Kouichi M. Caffeine synthase and related methyltransferases in plants. Front Biosci. 2004 May 01;9():1833–42. doi: 10.2741/1364. PMID: 14977590.; Ashihara H, Suzuki T. Distribution and biosynthesis of caffeine in plants. Front Biosci. 2004 May 01;9():1864–76. doi: 10.2741/1367. PMID: 14977593.; Mizuno K, Kato M, Irino F, Yoneyama N, Fujimura T, Ashihara H. The first committed step reaction of caffeine biosynthesis: 7-methylxanthosine synthase is closely homologous to caffeine synthases in coffee (Coffea arabica L.)1. FEBS Letters. 2003 Jun 19;547(1-3):56–60. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00670-7.; Uefuji H, Ogita S, Yamaguchi Y, Koizumi N, Sano H. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of three distinct N-methyltransferases involved in the caffeine biosynthetic pathway in coffee plants. Plant Physiol. 2003 May;132(1):372–80. PMID: 12746542; PMCID: PMC166982.; Mizuno K, Okuda A, Kato M, Yoneyama N, Tanaka H, Ashihara H, Fujimura T. Isolation of a new dual-functional caffeine synthase gene encoding an enzyme for the conversion of 7-methylxanthine to caffeine from coffee (Coffea arabica L.)1. FEBS Letters. 2002 Dec 12;534(1-3):75–81. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03781-x.; Ogawa M, Herai Y, Koizumi N, Kusano T, Sano H. 7-Methylxanthine methyltransferase of coffee plants. Gene isolation and enzymatic properties. J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 16;276(11):8213–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m009480200. PMID: 11108716. |
| caffeine biosynthesis II (via paraxanthine) Accession ID: PlantCyc:COCOA_PWY-5038 |
- | |
| theobromine biosynthesis I Accession ID: PlantCyc:PLANT_PWY-5039 |
|
Zheng XQ, Koyama Y, Nagai C, Ashihara H. Biosynthesis, accumulation and degradation of theobromine in developing Theobroma cacao fruits. J Plant Physiol. 2004 Apr;161(4):363–9. doi: 10.1078/0176-1617-01253. PMID: 15128023. |
| caffeine biosynthesis I Accession ID: PlantCyc:TEA_PWY-5037 |
|
Misako K, Kouichi M. Caffeine synthase and related methyltransferases in plants. Front Biosci. 2004 May 01;9():1833–42. doi: 10.2741/1364. PMID: 14977590.; Ashihara H, Suzuki T. Distribution and biosynthesis of caffeine in plants. Front Biosci. 2004 May 01;9():1864–76. doi: 10.2741/1367. PMID: 14977593.; Mizuno K, Kato M, Irino F, Yoneyama N, Fujimura T, Ashihara H. The first committed step reaction of caffeine biosynthesis: 7-methylxanthosine synthase is closely homologous to caffeine synthases in coffee (Coffea arabica L.)1. FEBS Letters. 2003 Jun 19;547(1-3):56–60. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00670-7.; Uefuji H, Ogita S, Yamaguchi Y, Koizumi N, Sano H. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of three distinct N-methyltransferases involved in the caffeine biosynthetic pathway in coffee plants. Plant Physiol. 2003 May;132(1):372–80. PMID: 12746542; PMCID: PMC166982.; Mizuno K, Okuda A, Kato M, Yoneyama N, Tanaka H, Ashihara H, Fujimura T. Isolation of a new dual-functional caffeine synthase gene encoding an enzyme for the conversion of 7-methylxanthine to caffeine from coffee (Coffea arabica L.)1. FEBS Letters. 2002 Dec 12;534(1-3):75–81. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03781-x.; Ogawa M, Herai Y, Koizumi N, Kusano T, Sano H. 7-Methylxanthine methyltransferase of coffee plants. Gene isolation and enzymatic properties. J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 16;276(11):8213–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m009480200. PMID: 11108716. |
| caffeine biosynthesis II (via paraxanthine) Accession ID: PlantCyc:TEA_PWY-5038 |
|
Uefuji H, Ogita S, Yamaguchi Y, Koizumi N, Sano H. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of three distinct N-methyltransferases involved in the caffeine biosynthetic pathway in coffee plants. Plant Physiol. 2003 May;132(1):372–80. PMID: 12746542; PMCID: PMC166982.; Mizuno K, Okuda A, Kato M, Yoneyama N, Tanaka H, Ashihara H, Fujimura T. Isolation of a new dual-functional caffeine synthase gene encoding an enzyme for the conversion of 7-methylxanthine to caffeine from coffee (Coffea arabica L.)1. FEBS Letters. 2002 Dec 12;534(1-3):75–81. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03781-x.; Kato M, Mizuno K, Crozier A, Fujimura T, Ashihara H. Caffeine synthase gene from tea leaves. Nature. 2000 Aug 31;406(6799):956–7. doi: 10.1038/35023072. PMID: 10984041.; Kato M, Mizuno K, Fujimura T, Iwama M, Irie M, Crozier A, Ashihara H. Purification and characterization of caffeine synthase from tea leaves. Plant Physiol. 1999 Jun;120(2):579–86. PMID: 10364410; PMCID: PMC59297. |
| theobromine biosynthesis I Accession ID: PlantCyc:TEA_PWY-5039 |
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| Caffeine and theobromine metabolism Accession ID: WikiPathways:WP3633 |
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Grant DM, Tang BK, Kalow W. Variability in caffeine metabolism. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 1983 May 11;33(5):591–602. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1983.80. |
| Caffeine Metabolism Accession ID: PathBank:SMP0000028 |
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| Caffeine Metabolism Accession ID: PathBank:SMP0063475 |
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| Caffeine Metabolism Accession ID: PathBank:SMP0063604 |
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| Caffeine Metabolism Accession ID: PathBank:SMP0087288 |
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| Caffeine Metabolism Accession ID: PathBank:SMP0087186 |
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