Metabolism of steroids
Brown MS, Goldstein JL. Cholesterol feedback: from Schoenheimer's bottle to Scap's MELADL. Journal of Lipid Research. 2009 Apr;50():S15–27. doi: 10.1194/jlr.r800054-jlr200.; Dusso AS, Brown AJ, Slatopolsky E. Vitamin D. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 2005 Jul;289(1):F8–F28. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00336.2004.; Payne AH, Hales DB. Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones. Endocr Rev. 2004 Dec;25(6):947–70. doi: 10.1210/er.2003-0030. PMID: 15583024.; Russell DW. The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis. Annu Rev Biochem. 2003;72():137–74. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712. PMID: 12543708.; Russell DW. Cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1992 Apr;6(2):103–10. doi: 10.1007/bf00054556. PMID: 1390320.
Metabolites
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane
Formula: C27H48O3 (420.36032579999994)
CAS ID: 547-96-6
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,26-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestane
Formula: C27H48O4 (436.3552408)
CAS ID: 862-53-3
4,4-Dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol
Formula: C29H46O (410.3548466)
CAS ID: 64284-64-6
7alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one
Formula: C27H46O3 (418.34467659999996)
CAS ID: 547-97-7
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14-dien-3beta-ol
Formula: C29H48O (412.37049579999996)
CAS ID: 19456-83-8
7alpha,12alpha,26-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one
Formula: C27H46O4 (434.3395916)
CAS ID: 78094-12-9
Enzyme
| EC Number | name | full name | note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.- | |||
| 1.1.1.170 | 3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) | 3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate:NAD(P)+ 3-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) | |
| 1.1.1.34 | hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) | (R)-mevalonate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating) | |
| 1.14.14.154 | sterol 14alpha-demethylase | sterol,[reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (14-methyl cleaving) | |
| 1.14.14.17 | squalene monooxygenase | squalene,NADPH-hemoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (2,3-epoxidizing | |
| 1.14.19.20 | DELTA7-sterol 5(6)-desaturase | DELTA7-sterol,ferrocytochrome b5:oxygen oxidoreductase 5,6-dehydrogenating | |
| 1.3.1.70 | DELTA14-sterol reductase | 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol:NADP+ DELTA14-oxidoreductase | |
| 1.3.1.94 | polyprenal reductase | dolichal:NADP+ 2,3-oxidoreductase | |
| 2.3.3.10 | hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase | acetyl-CoA:acetoacetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl-forming) | |
| 2.5.1.1 | dimethylallyltranstransferase | prenyl-diphosphate:3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl-diphosphate prenyltranstransferase | |
| 2.5.1.10 | (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase | geranyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate geranyltranstransferase | |
| 2.5.1.21 | squalene synthase | (2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate:(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase | |
| 2.5.1.29 | geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase | (2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate farnesyltranstransferase | |
| 2.7.1.36 | mevalonate kinase | ATP:(R)-mevalonate 5-phosphotransferase | |
| 3.1.2.2 | palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase | palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase | |
| 4.1.1.33 | diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase | ATP:(R)-5-diphosphomevalonate carboxy-lyase (adding ATP; isopentenyl-diphosphate-forming) | |
| 5.3.3.2 | isopentenyl-diphosphate DELTA-isomerase | 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl-diphosphate DELTA3-DELTA2-isomerase | |
| 5.4.99.7 | Lanosterol synthase | (S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming) | |
| 7.2.2.2 | ABC-type Cd2+ transporter | ATP phosphohydrolase (ABC-type, heavy-metal-exporting) | |
| 7.6.2.3 | ABC-type glutathione-S-conjugate transporter | ATP + H2O + glutathione-S-conjugate[side 1] = ADP + phosphate + glutathione-S-conjugate[side 2] |
Proteins
| Protein ID | name | full name |
|---|---|---|
| P07277 | ERG12 | Mevalonate kinase |
| P08524 | ERG20 | Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase |
| P10614 | ERG11 | Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase CYP51 |
| P12683 | HMG1 | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 1 |
| P15496 | IDI1 | Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase |
| P29704 | ERG9 | Squalene synthase ERG9 |
| P32353 | ERG3 | Delta(7)-sterol 5(6)-desaturase ERG3 |
| P32377 | MVD1 | Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase |
| P32462 | ERG24 | Delta(14)-sterol reductase ERG24 |
| P32476 | ERG1 | Squalene epoxidase ERG1 |
| P38604 | ERG7 | Lanosterol synthase ERG7 |
| P39109 | YCF1 | Metal resistance protein YCF1 |
| P40526 | DFG10 | Polyprenal reductase |
| P41903 | TES1 | Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A thioester hydrolase 1 |
| P53045 | ERG25 | C-4 methylsterol oxidase ERG25 |
| P53199 | ERG26 | Sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase ERG26, decarboxylating |
| P54839 | ERG13 | Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase |
| Q12051 | BTS1 | Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase BTS1 |