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Codeine-6-glucuronide (C6G) is a major active metabolite of codeine and may be responsible for as much as 60% of the analgesic effects of codeine. C6G exhibits decreased immunosuppressive effects compared to codeine. During its metabolism, codeine is conjugated with glucuronic acid by the enzyme UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase-2B7 (UGT2B7) to form codeine-6-glucuronide. (Wikipedia)

2-Octenoic acid, also known as 2-octenoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms. 2-Octenoic acid has 8 carbon atoms. 2-Octenoic acid is also known as an olefinic fatty acid carrying a double bond at position 2. It can exist in two isomeric forms, the cis and the trans form, with the trans or 2-E form being more abundant. 2-Octenoic acid is a relatively hydrophobic molecule with a water solubility of approximately 1 g/L. The 2E-isomer has a musty, sour, cheesy aroma and a fatty or waxy taste. 2-Octenoic acid is found in the human body and is naturally produced by hepatic microsomal oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes. 2-Octenoic acid has been detected in human urine and plasma (PMID 1883862, 8087979, 4086594, 1417834, 6480773). 2-Octenoic acid has also been identified as a potential pheromone excreted by the male abdominal glands of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae (PMID: 17200891). Outside the human body 2-Octenoic acid has been detected in coffee, cranberries, mushrooms, black tea and strawberries. It is also used as a food flavourant for baked goods and candies.