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Ectoine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Ectoine has been identified in urine (PMID: 22409530).

Piracetam is an organonitrogen compound and an organooxygen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid. Piracetam is a nootropic drug in the racetams group, with chemical name 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide. It shares the same 2-oxo-pyrrolidone base structure with pyroglutamic acid and is a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). However its mechanism of action differ from that of endogenous GABA. Piracetam has neuroprotective and anticonvulsant properties and is reported to improve neural plasticity. Its efficacy is documented in cognitive disorders and dementia, vertigo, cortical myoclonus, dyslexia, and sickle cell anemia although the clinical application in these conditions is not yet established. Piracetam has effects on the vascular system by reducing erythrocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium, hindering vasospasms and facilitating microcirculation. Originally marketed by UCB Pharma in 1971, piracetam was the first nootropic drug to modulate cognitive function without causing sedation or stimulation. It is not approved for any medical or dietary use by the FDA. In the UK, piracetam is prescribed mainly for myoclonus, but is used off-label for other conditions such as learning difficulties in children, memory loss or other cognitive defects in the elderly, and sickle-cell vaso-occlusive crises. Evidence to support its use for many conditions is unclear. A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.

Cyclo Ala-Ala is a carboximidic acid. (3s,6s)-3,6-Dimethylpiperazine-2,5-dione is a natural product found in Psammosilene tunicoides with data available.

A L-glutamine residue that is substituted by a methyl group at position 3 with the configuration (S). A post-translational modification occurring on a Gln residue in polytheonamides." []

An alpha-amino-acid residue formed from N(5)-methyl-L-glutamine." []

2-Methyl-4-carboxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine is an organooxygen compound and an organonitrogen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid. 2-Methyl-4-carboxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine is a natural product found in Streptomyces albidoflavus and Streptomyces coelicolor with data available.

Hexahydro-1,4-diazocine-2,5-dione is an organooxygen compound and an organonitrogen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid. Hexahydro-1,4-diazocine-2,5-dione has been reported in Suberites domuncula and Ruegeria with data available.

A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the nitrogen alpha to the carboxy group. The major species at pH 7.3." []