Betaine aldehyde (BioCAD00000007420)
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Metabolite Card
Formula: C5H12NO (102.0919)
SMILES: C[N+](C)(C)CC=O
Synonyms [en]
Betaine aldehyde; Glycine betaine aldehyde; Betaine-Aldehyde; Trimethyl(formylmethyl)ammonium; trimethyl(2-oxoethyl)azanium; (Formylmethyl)trimethylammonium
Last reviewed on 2024-06-28.
Cite this Page
Betaine aldehyde. 数据之源，洞见之始. SMRUCC genomics institute, a synthetic life researcher from China.
https://biocad_registry.innovation.ac.cn/s/(-)-arctiin
(retrieved
2026-01-03) (CAD Registry RN: BioCAD00000007420). Licensed
under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Note
Betaine aldehyde, also known as BTL, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tetraalkylammonium salts. These are organonitrogen compounds containing a quaternary ammonium substituted with four alkyl chains. Betaine aldehyde is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). In humans, betaine aldehyde is involved in betaine metabolism. Outside of the human body, betaine aldehyde has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as sourdoughs, summer savouries, loganberries, burbots, and celery stalks. This could make betaine aldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Betaine aldehyde is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine, and threonine. The human aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) facilitates the conversion of betaine aldehyde into glycine betaine. Betaine aldehyde is a substrate for choline dehydrogenase (PMID: 12467448, 7646513).
DBLinks
- CAS Registry Number: 7418-61-3
- PubChem CID: 249
- ChEBI: 15710
- HMDB: HMDB0001252
- LipidMaps:
- KEGG: C00576
- BioCyc: BETAINE_ALDEHYDE
- NCBI MeSH: betaine aldehyde
- Wikipedia: Betaine_aldehyde
Other DBLinks
- CAS Registry Number: 7418-61-3
- PubChem: 249
- ChEBI: ChEBI:15710
- HMDB: HMDB0001252
- KEGG: C00576
- BioCyc: BETAINE_ALDEHYDE
- NCBI MeSH: betaine aldehyde
- Wikipedia: Betaine_aldehyde
- Wikipedia: Glycine_betaine_aldehyde
- DrugBank: DB04401
- RefMet: RM0041307
- MoNA: KO002498
- MoNA: KO002499
- MoNA: KO002500
- MoNA: KO002501
- MoNA: PB001483
- MoNA: PB001501
- MoNA: PS017601
- MoNA: PS017602
- MoNA: PS017603
- MoNA: PS017605
- Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0578871.0
Class / Ontology
- WishartLab ClassyFire: [Quaternary ammonium salts] Quaternary ammonium salts
- RefMet: [Quaternary ammonium salts] Quaternary ammonium salts
- ChEBI: [CHEBI:15710] betaine aldehyde
| ID | EC Number | Name |
|---|---|---|
| KEGG:R01022 | 1.1.3.17 | choline:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase |
| KEGG:R01025 | 1.1.99.1 | choline:acceptor 1-oxidoreductase |
| KEGG:R02565 | 1.2.1.8 | p-cumic alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase |
| KEGG:R02566 | 1.2.1.8 | p-cumic alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase |
| KEGG:R07409 | 1.14.15.7 | choline,reduced-ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase |
| KEGG:R08211 | 1.1.3.17 | betaine aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase |
| KEGG:R08557 | 1.1.1.1 | C00114 + C00003<=>C00576 + C00004 + C00080 |
| KEGG:R08558 | 1.1.1.1 | C00114 + C00006<=>C00576 + C00005 + C00080 |
| BioCyc:CHD-RXN | 1.1.99.1 | CHOLINE + Acceptor<=>BETAINE_ALDEHYDE + Donor-H2 |
| BioCyc:RXN0-7230 | 1.1.99.1 | ETR-Quinones + CHOLINE --> ETR-Quinols + BETAINE_ALDEHYDE |
| BioCyc:RXN-6268 | BETAINE-ALDEHYDE-HYDRATE<=>BETAINE_ALDEHYDE + WATER | |
| BioCyc:RXN-17758 | BETAINE_ALDEHYDE + 2 PROTON + 2 E- --> CHOLINE | |
| BioCyc:BADH-RXN | 1.2.1.8 | BETAINE_ALDEHYDE + NAD + WATER --> 2 PROTON + BETAINE + NADH |
| Rhea:RHEA:13506 | choline + O2 => betaine aldehyde + H2O2 | |
| Rhea:RHEA:13507 | betaine aldehyde + H2O2 => choline + O2 | |
| Rhea:RHEA:13508 | choline + O2 <=> betaine aldehyde + H2O2 | |
| Rhea:RHEA:15306 | 1.2.1.8 | betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O => glycine betaine + NADH + 2 H+ |
| Rhea:RHEA:15307 | 1.2.1.8 | glycine betaine + NADH + 2 H+ => betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O |
| Rhea:RHEA:15308 | 1.2.1.8 | betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> glycine betaine + NADH + 2 H+ |
| Rhea:RHEA:17434 | 1.1.99.1 | choline + A => betaine aldehyde + AH2 |
Taxonomy Source
- Aspergillus fumigatus [ncbi taxid: 746128]
- Citrullus lanatus [ncbi taxid: 3654]
- Escherichia coli [ncbi taxid: 562]
- Homo sapiens [ncbi taxid: 9606]
- Mus musculus [ncbi taxid: 10090]
Pathway Synthetic
| pathway id | name |
|---|---|
| BioCyc:HUMAN_PWY66-414 | superpathway of choline degradation to L-serine |
| BioCyc:ECOO157_BETSYN-PWY | glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria) |
| BioCyc:ECOO157_CHOLINE-BETAINE-ANA-PWY | choline degradation I |
| BioCyc:AGRO_BETSYN-PWY | glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria) |
| BioCyc:SCO_CHOLINE-BETAINE-ANA-PWY | choline degradation I |
| BioCyc:SCO_PWY-3722 | glycine betaine biosynthesis II (Gram-positive bacteria) |
| BioCyc:SCO_PWY1F-353 | glycine betaine biosynthesis III (plants) |
| BioCyc:BSUB_PWY-3722 | glycine betaine biosynthesis II (Gram-positive bacteria) |
| BioCyc:PCHR_CHOLINE-BETAINE-ANA-PWY | choline degradation I |
| BioCyc:THAPS_CHOLINE-BETAINE-ANA-PWY | choline degradation I |
| BioCyc:META_PWY-7494 | choline degradation IV |
| BioCyc:META_CHOLINE-BETAINE-ANA-PWY | choline degradation I |
| BioCyc:ECO_BETSYN-PWY | glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria) |
| BioCyc:CAULO_CHOLINE-BETAINE-ANA-PWY | choline degradation I |
| BioCyc:AGRO_P542-PWY | choline-O-sulfate degradation |
| BioCyc:AURANTIMONAS_BETSYN-PWY | glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria) |
| BioCyc:PCHR_BETSYN-PWY | glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria) |
| BioCyc:ECOL316407_BETSYN-PWY | glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria) |
| BioCyc:ECOL413997_BETSYN-PWY | glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria) |
| BioCyc:THAPS_BETSYN-PWY | glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria) |