D-Aspartate (BioCAD00000009279)

blood cerebrospinal fluid (csf) feces urine

Metabolite Card

Formula: C4H7NO4 (133.0375)
SMILES: N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O

Synonyms [en]

D-Aspartic acid; D-Aspartate; D-Asparaginsaeure; Aspartic acid D-form; (2R)-2-aminobutanedioic acid; (R)-2-aminosuccinic acid

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-06-28.

Cite this Page

D-Aspartate. 数据之源，洞见之始. SMRUCC genomics institute, a synthetic life researcher from China. https://biocad_registry.innovation.ac.cn/s/(-)-arctiin (retrieved 2026-01-03) (CAD Registry RN: BioCAD00000009279). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Note

D-Aspartic acid is the D-isomer of aspartic acid. Since its discovery in invertebrates, free D-aspartate (D-Asp) has been identified in a variety of organisms, including microorganisms, plants, and lower animals, mammals and humans. D-Asp in mammalian tissues is present in specific cells, indicating the existence of specific molecular components that regulate D-Asp levels and localization in tissues. In the rat adrenal medulla, D-Asp is closely associated with adrenaline-cells (A-cells), which account for approximately 80% of the total number of chromaffin cells in the tissue, and which make and store adrenaline. D-Asp appears to be absent from noradrenaline-cells (NA-cells), which comprise approximately 20% of the total number of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, and which make and store noradrenaline. D-aspartate oxidase (EC 1.4.3.1, D-AspO), which catalyzes oxidative deamination of D-Asp, appears to be present only in NA-cells, suggesting that the lack of D-Asp in these cells is due to D-Asp oxidase-mediated metabolism of D-Asp. In the rat adrenal cortex, the distribution of D-Asp changes during development. It has been suggested that developmental changes in the localization of D-Asp reflects the participation of D-Asp in the development and maturation of steroidogenesis in rat adrenal cortical cells. D-Asp is involved in steroid hormone synthesis and secretion in mammals as well. D-Asp is synthesized intracellularly, most likely by Asp racemase (EC 5.1.1.13). Endogenous D-Asp apparently has two different intracellular localization patterns: cytoplasmic and vesicular. D-Asp release can occur through three distinct pathways: 1) spontaneous, continuous release of cytoplasmic D-Asp, which is not associated with a specific stimulus; 2) release of cytoplasmic D-Asp via a volume-sensitive organic anion channel that connects the cytoplasm and extracellular space; 3) exocytotic discharge of vesicular D-Asp. D-Asp can be released via a mechanism that involves the L-Glu transporter. D-Asp is thus apparently in dynamic flux at the cellular level to carry out its physiological function(s) in mammals (PMID:16755369).

Cytoplasm Extracellular Peroxisome
Entity Information

DBLinks

Other DBLinks
  • CAS Registry Number: 1783-96-6
  • CAS Registry Number: 27881-01-2
  • PubChem: 83887
  • ChEBI: ChEBI:17364
  • HMDB: HMDB0006483
  • KEGG: C00402
  • BioCyc: CPD-302
  • NCBI MeSH: D-Aspartic Acid
  • Wikipedia: Aspartic acid
  • DrugBank: DB02655
  • RefMet: RM0042889
  • MoNA: CCMSLIB00000578099
  • MoNA: EMBL-MCF_spec10435
  • MoNA: HMDB0006483_ms_ms_2487
  • MoNA: HMDB0006483_ms_ms_2488
  • MoNA: HMDB0006483_ms_ms_2489
  • Metlin: METLIN_63097
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0141839.2

Class / Ontology

Metabolic Network
ID EC Number Name
KEGG:R00359 1.4.3.1 D-aspartate:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
KEGG:R00491 5.1.1.13 aspartate racemase
KEGG:R02182 3.5.1.83 N-acyl-D-aspartate amidohydrolase
KEGG:R05053 2.6.1.21 D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
KEGG:R09590 6.3.1.12 D-aspartate:[beta-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)]n ligase (ADP-forming)
BioCyc:RXN-19728 3.1.1.96 D-aspartyl-tRNA-Asp + WATER --> CPD-302 + ASP-tRNAs + PROTON
BioCyc:RXN-23928 6.1.1.12 ASP-tRNAs + CPD-302 + ATP --> D-aspartyl-tRNA-Asp + PPI + AMP
BioCyc:RXN-23929 CPD-302 + ATP + PROTON --> CPD-26479 + PPI
BioCyc:RXN-11344 6.3.1.12 CPD-12305 + CPD-302 + ATP --> CPD-12306 + ADP + Pi + PROTON
BioCyc:ASPARTATE-RACEMASE-RXN 5.1.1.13 L-ASPARTATE --> CPD-302
BioCyc:D-ASPARTATE-OXIDASE-RXN 1.4.3.15 OXYGEN-MOLECULE + WATER + CPD-302 --> AMMONIUM + HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE + OXALACETIC_ACID
BioCyc:3.5.1.83-RXN 3.5.1.83 N-ACYL-D-ASPARTATE + WATER --> Carboxylates + CPD-302
BioCyc:RXN-11342 6.3.1.12 CPD-12298 + CPD-302 + ATP --> PROTON + CPD-12302 + ADP + Pi
BioCyc:6.3.1.12-RXN 6.3.1.12 CPD-7695 + CPD-302 + ATP --> PROTON + D-aspartate-peptidoglycan + ADP + Pi
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Organism Source

Taxonomy Source

  1. Acorus gramineus [ncbi taxid: 55184]
  2. Acorus tatarinowii [ncbi taxid: 123564]
  3. Allium sativum [ncbi taxid: 4682]
  4. Aloe africana [ncbi taxid: 1080010]
  5. Aloe ferox [ncbi taxid: 117798]
  6. Aloe spicata [ncbi taxid: 992642]
  7. Aloe vera [ncbi taxid: 34199]
  8. Amomum melegueta [ncbi taxid: ]
  9. Anacyclus monanthos [ncbi taxid: 282203]
  10. Arabidopsis thaliana [ncbi taxid: 3702]
  11. Arachis hypogaea [ncbi taxid: 3818]
  12. Arum palaestinum [ncbi taxid: 749969]
  13. Astragalus siculus [ncbi taxid: 3391572]
  14. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ACCC11060 + Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 [ncbi taxid: ]
  15. Bertholletia excelsa [ncbi taxid: 3645]
  16. Brassica juncea [ncbi taxid: 3707]
  17. Bupleurum chinense [ncbi taxid: 52451]
  18. Bupleurum falcatum [ncbi taxid: 46367]
  19. Bupleurum scorzonerifolium [ncbi taxid: 48105]
  20. Calvatia fenzlii [ncbi taxid: 626502]
  21. Calvatia gigantea [ncbi taxid: 68762]
  22. Calvatia lilacina [ncbi taxid: 2979578]
  23. Chondria armata [ncbi taxid: 860625]
  24. Comanthus bennetti [ncbi taxid: ]
  25. Coriolopsis gallica [ncbi taxid: 76126]
  26. Corydalis tashiroi [ncbi taxid: 2992623]
  27. Elvira biflora [ncbi taxid: ]
  28. Euphorbia cuneata [ncbi taxid: 457245]
  29. Fagopyrum esculentum [ncbi taxid: 3617]
  30. Flustra denticulata [ncbi taxid: ]
  31. Foeniculum vulgare [ncbi taxid: ]
  32. Ginkgo biloba [ncbi taxid: 3311]
  33. Glycyrrhiza glabra [ncbi taxid: 49827]
  34. Guizotia scabra [ncbi taxid: 413573]
  35. Hakea trifurcata [ncbi taxid: 1136213]
  36. Homo sapiens [ncbi taxid: 9606]
  37. Juglans nigra [ncbi taxid: 16719]
  38. Leontice robustum [ncbi taxid: ]
  39. Malus pumila [ncbi taxid: 283210]
  40. Mikania cordifolia [ncbi taxid: 1127086]
  41. Mus musculus [ncbi taxid: 10090]
  42. Nezara viridula [ncbi taxid: 85310]
  43. Oryza sativa [ncbi taxid: 4530]
  44. Otholobium glandulosum [ncbi taxid: 247915]
  45. Pinellia ternata [ncbi taxid: 199225]
  46. Pogostemon cablin [ncbi taxid: 28511]
  47. Polysiphonia nigra [ncbi taxid: ]
  48. Prunus speciosa [ncbi taxid: 378228]
  49. Raoulia australis [ncbi taxid: 857097]
  50. Senecio chionophilus [ncbi taxid: ]
  51. Sinapis alba [ncbi taxid: 3728]
  52. Solanum lycopersicum [ncbi taxid: 4081]
  53. Solanum tuberosum [ncbi taxid: 4113]
  54. Sus scrofa [ncbi taxid: 9823]
  55. Terminalia brachystemma [ncbi taxid: 578549]
  56. Tussilago farfara [ncbi taxid: 118778]
  57. Ulmus campestris [ncbi taxid: ]
  58. Xestospongia vanilla [ncbi taxid: ]
  59. Zea mays [ncbi taxid: 4577]

Pathway Synthetic

pathway id name
WikiPathways:WP5029 Amino acid transport defects (IEMs)
WikiPathways:WP106 Alanine and aspartate metabolism
WikiPathways:WP3262 Alanine and aspartate metabolism
PathBank:SMP0120722 Hypoacetylaspartia
PathBank:SMP0087165 Aspartate Metabolism
PathBank:SMP0087426 Aspartate Metabolism
PathBank:SMP0120681 Canavan Disease
PathBank:SMP0087369 Aspartate Metabolism
PathBank:SMP0120461 Canavan Disease
PathBank:SMP0000067 Aspartate Metabolism
PathBank:SMP0000175 Canavan Disease
PathBank:SMP0087276 Aspartate Metabolism
PathBank:SMP0120502 Hypoacetylaspartia
PathBank:SMP0000192 Hypoacetylaspartia
PathBank:SMP0063597 Aspartate Metabolism
View All Pathways