Curcumin (BioCAD00000009025)

blood feces plant natural products microbial natural products

Metabolite Card

Formula: C21H20O6 (368.126)
SMILES: COC1=CC(\C=C\C(=O)CC(=O)\C=C\C2=CC(OC)=C(O)C=C2)=CC=C1O

Synonyms [en]

curcumin; Diferuloylmethane; Kacha haldi; C.I. Natural Yellow 3; Natural yellow 3; Turmeric Yellow

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-06-28.

Cite this Page

Curcumin. 数据之源，洞见之始. SMRUCC genomics institute, a synthetic life researcher from China. https://biocad_registry.innovation.ac.cn/s/(-)-arctiin (retrieved 2026-01-03) (CAD Registry RN: BioCAD00000009025). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Note

Curcumin is a natural component of the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and one of the most powerful chemopreventive and anticancer agents. Its biological effects range from antioxidant, anti-inflammatory to inhibition of angiogenesis and is also shown to possess specific antitumoral activity. The molecular mechanism of its varied cellular effects has been studied in some details and it has been shown to have multiple targets and interacting macromolecules within the cell. Curcumin has been shown to possess anti-angiogenic properties and the angioinhibitory effects of curcumin manifest due to down regulation of proangiogenic genes such as VEGF and angiopoitin and a decrease in migration and invasion of endothelial cells. One of the important factors implicated in chemoresistance and induced chemosensitivity is NFkB and curcumin has been shown to down regulate NFkB and inhibit IKB kinase thereby suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Cell lines that are resistant to certain apoptotic inducers and radiation become susceptible to apoptosis when treated in conjunction with curcumin. Besides this it can also act as a chemopreventive agent in cancers of colon, stomach and skin by suppressing colonic aberrant crypt foci formation and DNA adduct formation. This review focuses on the various aspects of curcumin as a potential drug for cancer treatment and its implications in a variety of biological and cellular processes vis-à-vis its mechanism of action (PMID: 16712454). Turmeric (Zingiberaceae family) rhizomes, has been widely used for centuries in indigenous medicine for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions and other diseases. Its medicinal properties have been attributed mainly to the curcuminoids and the main component present in the rhizome is curcumin. Curcumin has been shown to possess wide range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, wound healing and anti-microbial effects. Recently, curcumin treatment has been shown to correct defects associated with cystic fibrosis in homozygous DeltaF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) knock out mice. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated curcumin's ability to inhibit carcinogenesis at three stages: tumor promotion, angiogenesis and tumor growth. Curcumin suppresses mitogen-induced proliferation of blood mononuclear cells, inhibits neutrophil activation and mixed lymphocyte reaction and also inhibits both serum-induced and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-dependent mitogenesis of smooth muscle cells. It has also been reported to be a partial inhibitor of protein kinase. The other salient feature of turmeric/curcumin is that despite being consumed daily for centuries in Asian countries, it has not been shown to cause any toxicity (PMID: 16413584).

Membrane
Entity Information

DBLinks

Other DBLinks
  • CAS Registry Number: 115851-80-4
  • CAS Registry Number: 147556-16-9
  • CAS Registry Number: 15845-47-3
  • CAS Registry Number: 33171-04-9
  • CAS Registry Number: 458-37-7
  • CAS Registry Number: 8024-37-1
  • CAS Registry Number: 94875-80-6
  • PubChem: 969516
  • ChEBI: ChEBI:3962
  • HMDB: HMDB0002269
  • KEGG: C10443
  • BioCyc: CPD-6602
  • NCBI MeSH: Curcumin
  • Wikipedia: Curcumin
  • DrugBank: DB11672
  • RefMet: RM0052966
  • MoNA: BML00308
  • MoNA: BML00312
  • MoNA: BML00316
  • MoNA: BML81005
  • MoNA: BML81006
  • MoNA: BML81007
  • MoNA: BML81008
  • MoNA: CCMSLIB00000078313
  • MoNA: FIO00938
  • MoNA: FIO00939
  • MoNA: FIO00940
  • MoNA: FIO00941
  • MoNA: FIO00942
  • MoNA: FIO00943
  • MoNA: FIO00944
  • MoNA: FIO00945
  • MoNA: FIO00946
  • MoNA: FIO00947
  • MoNA: HMDB0002269_c_ms_99762
  • MoNA: JP001420
  • MoNA: MoNA_0003607
  • MoNA: TY000081
  • MoNA: TY000244
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-LTQ007665
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-LTQ007666
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-LTQ007667
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-LTQ007668
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF027274
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF027275
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF027276
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF027277
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF027278
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF027279
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF027280
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF027281
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF027282
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF027283
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF027284
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF027285
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF027286
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF027287
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF027288
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QTOF007206
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QTOF007207
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QTOF007208
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QTOF007209
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QTOF007210
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QTOF007211
  • Metlin: METLIN_44447
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0164314.0
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0270212.0
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0277909.0
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0337918.0
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0375092.0
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0592061.1
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0592061.2
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0598292.1
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0598292.2
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0598292.3
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0598292.4

Class / Ontology

Metabolic Network
ID EC Number Name
KEGG:R08810 2.3.1.217 feruloyl-CoA:feruloylacetyl-CoA feruloyltransferase (curcumin-forming)
KEGG:R08812 C17742<=>C10443
KEGG:R08813 2.4.1.- UDP-glucose:curcumin glucosyltransferase
BioCyc:RXN0-6676 CPD-6602 + NADPH + PROTON --> CPD-13314 + NADP
Rhea:RHEA:34816 1.3.1 tetrahydrocurcumin + 2 NADP+ => curcumin + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
Rhea:RHEA:34817 1.3.1 curcumin + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => tetrahydrocurcumin + 2 NADP+
Rhea:RHEA:34818 1.3.1 tetrahydrocurcumin + 2 NADP+ <=> curcumin + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
Rhea:RHEA:34820 1.3.1 dihydrocurcumin + NADP+ => curcumin + NADPH + H+
Rhea:RHEA:34821 1.3.1 curcumin + NADPH + H+ => dihydrocurcumin + NADP+
Rhea:RHEA:34822 1.3.1 dihydrocurcumin + NADP+ <=> curcumin + NADPH + H+
Rhea:RHEA:34824 2.3.1.217 (E)-feruloylacetyl-CoA + (E)-feruloyl-CoA + H2O => curcumin + CO2 + 2 CoA
Rhea:RHEA:34825 2.3.1.217 curcumin + CO2 + 2 CoA => (E)-feruloylacetyl-CoA + (E)-feruloyl-CoA + H2O
Rhea:RHEA:34826 2.3.1.217 (E)-feruloylacetyl-CoA + (E)-feruloyl-CoA + H2O <=> curcumin + CO2 + 2 CoA
BioCyc:RXN-21155 CPD-22759 + FERULOYL-COA + PROTON --> CPD-6602 + CO-A + CARBON-DIOXIDE
BioCyc:RXN-7062 2.4.1.- CPD-12575 + CPD-6602 --> CPD-6622 + UDP + PROTON
BioCyc:RXN-11226 2.3.1.217 FERULOYL-COA + CPD-12180 + WATER --> CPD-6602 + 2 CO-A + CARBON-DIOXIDE
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Organism Source

Taxonomy Source

  1. Acarus calamus [ncbi taxid: ]
  2. Acorus calamus [ncbi taxid: 4465]
  3. Adiantum capillus-veneris [ncbi taxid: 13818]
  4. Alpinia blepharocalyx [ncbi taxid: 105668]
  5. Alpinia officinarum [ncbi taxid: 199623]
  6. Chrysanthemum indicum [ncbi taxid: 146995]
  7. Cudrania tricuspidata [ncbi taxid: ]
  8. Curcuma aeruginosa [ncbi taxid: 136205]
  9. Curcuma aromatica [ncbi taxid: 136209]
  10. Curcuma chuanyujin [ncbi taxid: ]
  11. Curcuma doestica [ncbi taxid: ]
  12. Curcuma heyneana [ncbi taxid: 378295]
  13. Curcuma kwangsiensis [ncbi taxid: 136216]
  14. Curcuma longa [ncbi taxid: 136217]
  15. Curcuma mangga [ncbi taxid: 379528]
  16. Curcuma soloensis [ncbi taxid: 379527]
  17. Curcuma spp. [ncbi taxid: ]
  18. Curcuma wenyujin [ncbi taxid: 136221]
  19. Curcuma xanthorrhiza [ncbi taxid: 136222]
  20. Curcuma zanthorrhiza [ncbi taxid: ]
  21. Curcuma zedoaria [ncbi taxid: 136224]
  22. Daucus carota [ncbi taxid: 4039]
  23. Fraxinus quadrangulata [ncbi taxid: 56032]
  24. Gelsemium elegans [ncbi taxid: 427660]
  25. Gnetum africanum [ncbi taxid: 44929]
  26. Goniothalamus borneensis [ncbi taxid: 1602037]
  27. Jacobaea maritima [ncbi taxid: 252537]
  28. Pyxidicoccus fallax [ncbi taxid: 394095]
  29. Tridentata marginata [ncbi taxid: ]
  30. Zedoariae rhizoma [ncbi taxid: ]
  31. Zingiber spectabile [ncbi taxid: 188518]
  32. Acorus calamus [ncbi taxid: 4465]
  33. Acronychia trifoliolata [ncbi taxid: 1487083]
  34. Adiantum capillus-veneris [ncbi taxid: 13818]
  35. Artocarpus altilis [ncbi taxid: 194251]
  36. Aspergillus versicolor LZD-14-1 [ncbi taxid: ]
  37. Atractylodes lancea [ncbi taxid: 41486]
  38. Chondrostereum sp. NTOU4196 [ncbi taxid: ]
  39. Citrullus lanatus [ncbi taxid: 3654]
  40. Citrus trifoliata [ncbi taxid: 37690]
  41. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [ncbi taxid: 474922]
  42. Corylus avellana [ncbi taxid: 13451]
  43. Cudrania tricuspidata [ncbi taxid: ]
  44. Curcuma aeruginosa [ncbi taxid: 136205]
  45. Curcuma aromatica [ncbi taxid: 136209]
  46. Curcuma kwangsiensis [ncbi taxid: 136216]
  47. Curcuma longa [ncbi taxid: 136217]
  48. Curcuma phaeocaulis [ncbi taxid: 136218]
  49. Curcuma wenyujin [ncbi taxid: 136221]
  50. Curcuma xanthorrhiza [ncbi taxid: 136222]
  51. Curcuma zedoaria [ncbi taxid: 136224]
  52. Curcumalonga [ncbi taxid: ]
  53. Fraxinus quadrangulata [ncbi taxid: 56032]
  54. Glycyrrhiza glabra [ncbi taxid: 49827]
  55. Glycyrrhiza inflata [ncbi taxid: 74614]
  56. Glycyrrhiza uralensis [ncbi taxid: 74613]
  57. Goniothalamus borneensis [ncbi taxid: 1602037]
  58. Homo sapiens [ncbi taxid: 9606]
  59. Iris tectorum [ncbi taxid: 114617]
  60. Jacobaea maritima [ncbi taxid: 252537]
  61. Linum usitatissimum [ncbi taxid: 4006]
  62. Lycium chinense [ncbi taxid: 112883]
  63. Millettia velutina [ncbi taxid: 2303454]
  64. Periconia sp. F-31 [ncbi taxid: ]
  65. Rehmannia chingii [ncbi taxid: 332336]
  66. Strychnos angustiflora [ncbi taxid: 1040857]
  67. Tacca chantrieri [ncbi taxid: 85283]
  68. Tridentata marginata [ncbi taxid: ]
  69. Xylaria nigripes [ncbi taxid: 490159]
  70. Zingiber officinale [ncbi taxid: 94328]
  71. Zingiberaceae [ncbi taxid: 4642]

Pathway Synthetic

pathway id name
PathBank:SMP0001910 Curcumin Degradation
WikiPathways:WP1280 Transcriptional activation by Nfe2l2 in response to phytochemicals
WikiPathways:WP3 Transcriptional activation by NRF2 in response to phytochemicals
WikiPathways:WP988 Transcriptional activation by NRF2
WikiPathways:WP1332 Transcriptional activation by nfe2l2 in response to phytochemicals
WikiPathways:WP1245 Transcriptional activation by Nfe2l2 in response to phytochemicals
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