Propanoate (BioCAD00000016736)

blood cerebrospinal fluid (csf) feces saliva urine adipose tissue brain epidermis fibroblasts intestine neuron platelet skeletal muscle testis

Metabolite Card

Formula: C3H6O2 (74.0368)
SMILES: CCC(O)=O

Synonyms [en]

propionic acid; Propanoic acid; Pseudoacetic acid; ethylformic acid; Ethanecarboxylic acid; Carboxyethane

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-06-28.

Cite this Page

Propanoate. 数据之源，洞见之始. SMRUCC genomics institute, a synthetic life researcher from China. https://biocad_registry.innovation.ac.cn/s/(-)-arctiin (retrieved 2026-01-03) (CAD Registry RN: BioCAD00000016736). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Note

Propionic acid (PA) is an organic acid. It exists a clear liquid with a pungent and unpleasant smell somewhat resembling body odor. Propionic acid (PA) is widely used as an antifungal agent in food. It is present naturally at low levels in dairy products and occurs ubiquitously, together with other short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), in the gastro-intestinal tract of humans and other mammals as an end-product of the microbial digestion of carbohydrates. The metabolism of propionic acid begins with its conversion to propionyl coenzyme A, the usual first step in the metabolism of carboxylic acids. Since propionic acid has three carbons, propionyl-CoA cannot directly enter either beta oxidation or the citric acid cycles. In most vertebrates, propionyl-CoA is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA, which is isomerised to L-methylmalonyl-CoA. Propionic acid has significant physiological activity in animals. Propionic acid is irritant but produces no acute systemic effects and has no demonstrable genotoxic potential (PMID 1628870). The human skin is host of several species of bacteria known as Propionibacteria, which are named after their ability to produce propionic acid. The most notable one is the Cutibacterium acnes (formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes), which lives mainly in the sebaceous glands of the skin and is one of the principal causes of acne. Propionic aciduria is one of the most frequent organic acidurias, a disease that comprise many various disorders. The outcome of patients born with Propionic aciduria is poor intellectual development patterns, with 60% having an IQ less than 75 and requiring special education. Successful liver and/or renal transplantations, in a few patients, have resulted in better quality of life but have not necessarily prevented neurological and various visceral complications. These results emphasize the need for permanent metabolic follow-up whatever the therapeutic strategy (PMID 15868474). Decreased early mortality, less severe symptoms at diagnosis, and more favorable short-term neurodevelopmental outcome were recorded in patients identified through expanded newborn screening. (PMID 16763906)↵ When propionic acid is infused directly into rodents' brains, it produces hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration and brain changes (e.g., innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) that may be used as a means to model autism in rats. Propionic acid is a metabolite of Bacteroides, Clostridium, Dialister, Megasphaera, Phascolarctobacterium, Propionibacterium, Propionigenum, Salmonella, Selenomonas and Veillonella (https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/3/2/21).

Cytoplasm Extracellular Mitochondria
Entity Information

DBLinks

Other DBLinks
  • CAS Registry Number: 68937-68-8
  • CAS Registry Number: 68990-37-4
  • CAS Registry Number: 79-09-4
  • CAS Registry Number: 90990-11-7
  • PubChem: 1032
  • ChEBI: ChEBI:17272
  • ChEBI: ChEBI:30768
  • HMDB: HMDB0000237
  • LipidMaps: LMFA01010003
  • KEGG: C00163
  • NCBI MeSH: propionic acid
  • Wikipedia: Propionic acid
  • DrugBank: DB03766
  • RefMet: RM0153498
  • MoNA: BAF_UVA_POS000957
  • MoNA: FiehnHILIC001330
  • MoNA: FiehnHILIC001467
  • MoNA: HMDB0000237_c_ms_99551
  • MoNA: HMDB0000237_c_ms_99552
  • MoNA: HMDB0000237_ms_ms_397
  • MoNA: HMDB0000237_ms_ms_398
  • MoNA: HMDB0000237_ms_ms_399
  • MoNA: JP005852
  • MoNA: JP009175
  • MoNA: KO001586
  • MoNA: KO001587
  • MoNA: KO001588
  • MoNA: KO001589
  • MoNA: LipidBlast2022_953858
  • Metlin: METLIN_3215
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0572679.0

Class / Ontology

Metabolic Network
ID EC Number Name
KEGG:R00920 6.2.1.13 propanoate:CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
KEGG:R00925 6.2.1.1 propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
KEGG:R00928 2.8.3.1 acetyl-CoA:propanoate CoA-transferase
KEGG:R01353 2.7.2.1 ATP:propanoate phosphotransferase
KEGG:R01354 6.2.1.1 ATP:propanoate adenylyltransferase
KEGG:R01355 4.1.3.32 2,3-dimethylmalate pyruvate-lyase
KEGG:R01449 2.8.3.1 lactoyl-CoA:propanoate CoA-transferase
KEGG:R05366 3.7.1.- 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-octa-2,4-dienoate acylhydrolase
KEGG:R11773 2.8.3.27 propionyl-CoA:succinate CoA transferase
KEGG:R13136 1.3.1.125 propanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
KEGG:R13556 1.3.-.- C00511<=>C00163
Rhea:RHEA:10473 4.1.3.32 (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate => propanoate + pyruvate
Rhea:RHEA:10474 4.1.3.32 propanoate + pyruvate => (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate
Rhea:RHEA:10475 4.1.3.32 (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate <=> propanoate + pyruvate
Rhea:RHEA:20374 6.2.1.17 propanoate + ATP + CoA => propanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
Rhea:RHEA:20375 6.2.1.17 propanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate => propanoate + ATP + CoA
Rhea:RHEA:20376 6.2.1.17 propanoate + ATP + CoA <=> propanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
Rhea:RHEA:23149 2.7.2.15 propanoate + ATP => propanoyl phosphate + ADP
Rhea:RHEA:23150 2.7.2.15 propanoyl phosphate + ADP => propanoate + ATP
Rhea:RHEA:23151 2.7.2.15 propanoate + ATP <=> propanoyl phosphate + ADP
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Organism Source

Taxonomy Source

  1. Alpinia oxyphylla [ncbi taxid: 125261]
  2. Alstonia boonei [ncbi taxid: 84857]
  3. Angelica acutiloba [ncbi taxid: 55605]
  4. Angelica gigas [ncbi taxid: 85712]
  5. Angelica sinensis [ncbi taxid: 165353]
  6. Arachis hypogaea [ncbi taxid: 3818]
  7. Araucaria cunninghamii [ncbi taxid: 56994]
  8. Artemisia capillaries [ncbi taxid: ]
  9. Artemisia capillaris [ncbi taxid: 265783]
  10. Caragana sinica [ncbi taxid: 403832]
  11. Carthamus tinctorius [ncbi taxid: 4222]
  12. Codonopsis pilosula [ncbi taxid: 86864]
  13. Conioselinum vaginatum [ncbi taxid: 642893]
  14. Croton tiglium [ncbi taxid: 497687]
  15. Cuscuta chinensis [ncbi taxid: 267557]
  16. Desmodium styracifolium [ncbi taxid: ]
  17. Elettaria cardamomum [ncbi taxid: 105181]
  18. Eria rupestris [ncbi taxid: ]
  19. FOOD SAKE [ncbi taxid: ]
  20. Fragaria x ananassa [ncbi taxid: 3747]
  21. Ginkgo biloba [ncbi taxid: 3311]
  22. Gynura segetum [ncbi taxid: 210888]
  23. Halobacterium salinarum [ncbi taxid: 2242]
  24. Hippophae rhamnoides [ncbi taxid: 193516]
  25. Homo sapiens [ncbi taxid: 9606]
  26. Hyoscyamus niger [ncbi taxid: 4079]
  27. Iris florentina [ncbi taxid: ]
  28. Jnula britannica [ncbi taxid: ]
  29. Lycium chinense [ncbi taxid: 112883]
  30. Monanthotaxis buchananii [ncbi taxid: 1202420]
  31. Myristica fragrans [ncbi taxid: 51089]
  32. Nelumbo nucifera [ncbi taxid: 4432]
  33. Notopterygium incisum [ncbi taxid: ]
  34. Plantago major [ncbi taxid: 29818]
  35. Pogostemon cablin [ncbi taxid: 28511]
  36. Prunus armeniaca [ncbi taxid: 36596]
  37. Psoralea corylifolia [ncbi taxid: ]
  38. Rehmannia glutinosa [ncbi taxid: 99300]
  39. Salvia hispanica [ncbi taxid: 49212]
  40. Smilax china [ncbi taxid: 49657]
  41. Streptomyces fradiae [ncbi taxid: 1906]
  42. Streptomyces fradiae T1558 [ncbi taxid: ]
  43. Streptomyces galilaeus ATCC 31615 [ncbi taxid: ]
  44. Strychnos nitida [ncbi taxid: 2292749]
  45. Taraxacum officinale [ncbi taxid: 50225]
  46. Trichosanthes kirilowii [ncbi taxid: 3677]
  47. Trichosanthes rosthornii [ncbi taxid: 676073]
  48. Vitex trifolia [ncbi taxid: 204215]
  49. Weissella confusa 11GU1 P. freudenreichii JS15 [ncbi taxid: ]
  50. Zingiber officinale [ncbi taxid: 94328]
  51. Ziziphus jujuba [ncbi taxid: 326968]
  52. Ziziphus mauritiana [ncbi taxid: 157914]

Pathway Synthetic

pathway id name
PathBank:SMP0000808 Inner Membrane Transport
PathBank:SMP0000957 Propanoate Metabolism
PathBank:SMP0002069 Propanoyl-CoA Degradation
PathBank:SMP0002070 Conversion of Succinate to Propanoate
WikiPathways:WP3604 Biochemical pathways: part I
PathBank:SMP0120734 Malonic Aciduria
PathBank:SMP0120786 Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency
PathBank:SMP0120528 Methylmalonic Aciduria Due to Cobalamin-Related Disorders
PathBank:SMP0000016 Propanoate Metabolism
PathBank:SMP0087402 Propanoate Metabolism
PathBank:SMP0063656 Propanoate Metabolism
PathBank:SMP0000201 Methylmalonic Aciduria Due to Cobalamin-Related Disorders
PathBank:SMP0087341 Propanoate Metabolism
PathBank:SMP0120748 Methylmalonic Aciduria Due to Cobalamin-Related Disorders
PathBank:SMP0087248 Propanoate Metabolism
PathBank:SMP0087480 Propanoate Metabolism
PathBank:SMP0120514 Malonic Aciduria
PathBank:SMP0120567 Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency
PathBank:SMP0121270 Inner Membrane Transport
PathBank:SMP0121322 Propanoate Metabolism
View All Pathways